{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:21:38Z","timestamp":1791044498918,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic> produces the highly potent neurotoxin, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which is classified into seven serotypes (A\u2013G); the subtype classification is confirmed by the diversity of amino acid sequences among the serotypes. BoNT from the Osaka05 strain is associated with type B infant botulism and has been classified as BoNT\/B subtype B6 (BoNT\/B6) by phylogenetic analysis and the antigenicity of its C\u2010terminal heavy chain (H<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>) domain. However, the molecular bases for its properties, including its potency, are poorly understood. In this study, BoNT\/B6 holotoxin was purified and the biological activity and receptor binding activity of BoNT\/B6 compared with those of the previously\u2010characterized BoNT\/B1 and BoNT\/B2 subtypes. The derivative BoNT\/B6 was found to be already nicked and in an activated form, indicating that endogenous protease production may be higher in this strain than in the other two strains. BoNT\/B1 exhibited the greatest lethal activity in mice, followed by BoNT\/B6, which is consistent with the sensitivity of PC12 cells. No significant differences were seen in the enzymatic activities of the BoNT\/Bs against their substrate. H<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\/B1 and H<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\/B6 exhibited similar binding affinities to synaptotagmin II (SytII), which is a specific protein receptor for BoNT\/B. Binding to the SytII\/ganglioside complex is functionally related to the toxic action; however, the receptor recognition sites are conserved. These results suggest that the distinct characteristics and differences in biological sensitivity of BoNT\/B6 may be attributable to the function of its H<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>.domain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T16:08:04Z","timestamp":1505232484000},"page":"482-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterization of the functional activity of botulinum neurotoxin subtype B6"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kohda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Rinkuouraikita Izumisano 598\u20108531 Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Rinkuouraikita Izumisano 598\u20108531 Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Hosomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Rinkuouraikita Izumisano 598\u20108531 Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Tokyo University of Agriculture Funako Atsugi 243\u20100034 Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Kozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Rinkuouraikita Izumisano 598\u20108531 Osaka 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