{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:47:59Z","timestamp":1762980479481},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p><jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1 El Tor, the pathogen responsible for the current cholera pandemic, became pathogenic by acquiring virulent factors including <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> seventh pandemic islands (VSP)\u2010I and \u2212II. Diversity of VSP\u2010II is well recognized; however, studies addressing attachment sequence left (<jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic>) sequences of VSP\u2010II are few. In this report, a wide variety of <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> strains were analyzed for the structure and distribution of VSP\u2010II in relation to their attachment sequences. Of 188\u2009<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> strains analyzed, 81% (153\/188) strains carried VSP\u2010II; of these, typical VSP\u2010II, and a short variant was found in 36% (55\/153), and 63% (96\/153), respectively. A novel VSP\u2010II was found in two <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> non\u2010O1\/non\u2010O139 strains. In addition to the typical 14\u2010bp <jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic>, six new <jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic>\u2010like sequences were identified. The 14\u2010bp <jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic> was associated with VSP\u2010II in 91% (139\/153), whereas the remaining six types were found in 9.2% (14\/153) of <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> strains. Of note, six distinct types of the <jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic>\u2010like sequence were found in the seventh pandemic wave 1 strains; however, only one or two types were found in the wave 2 or 3 strains. Interestingly, 86% (24\/28) of <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> seventh pandemic strains harboring a 13\u2010bp <jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic>\u2010like sequence were devoid of VSP\u2010II. Six novel genomic islands using two unique insertion sites to those of VSP\u2010II were identified in 11\u2009<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> strains in this study. Four of those shared similar gene clusters with VSP\u2010II, except integrase gene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T07:50:43Z","timestamp":1515570643000},"page":"150-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of <i>Vibrio<\/i> seventh pandemic island II and novel genomic islands in relation to attachment sequences among a wide variety of <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i> strains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Tuan Hai","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leading Program Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University 1\u201012\u20104 Sakamoto Nagasaki city Nagasaki 852\u20108523 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tho Duc","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leading Program Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University 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