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Several pathogenic fungi produce hemagglutinins and hemolysins, which are virulence factors involved in adhesion of pathogens to host tissues or cells and in destruction of erythrocytes. The present research investigated hemolytic and hemagglutinating activities of yeast cells and soluble components from <jats:italic>P. restrepiensis<\/jats:italic> (PS3; formerly <jats:italic>P. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> B339) and <jats:italic>P. lutzii<\/jats:italic> (LDR2). Different concentrations of live and heat\u2010killed yeast cells and soluble components from a cell free antigen preparation (native or heated, 56\u00b0C or 100\u00b0C, 30\u2009min) were mixed with 1% human erythrocyte suspensions. Yeast cells from both species caused hemolysis, <jats:italic>P. lutzii<\/jats:italic> LDR2 being more strongly hemolytic than <jats:italic>P. restrepiensis<\/jats:italic> B339, whereas the opposite phenomena occurred with soluble components in most conditions. Live or heat\u2010killed yeast cells of both fungi agglutinated erythrocytes, but only heated soluble components from <jats:italic>P. restrepiensis<\/jats:italic> B339 showed hemagglutinating activity. In conclusion, yeast cells of <jats:italic>P. restrepiensis<\/jats:italic> B339 and <jats:italic>P. lutzii<\/jats:italic> LDR2 produce hemolysins and hemagglutinins, which are most likely predominantly restricted to yeast cells in <jats:italic>P. lutzii<\/jats:italic> LDR2 and predominantly released in soluble form by <jats:italic>P. restrepiensis<\/jats:italic> B339, requiring further study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T14:12:07Z","timestamp":1525702327000},"page":"436-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Paracoccidioides restrepiensis<\/i> B339 (PS3) and <i>P. lutzii<\/i> LDR2 yeast cells and soluble components display <i>in vitro<\/i> hemolytic and hemagglutinating activities on human erythrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cezar\u2010dos\u2010Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Sciences State University of Londrina km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Rd (PR 445) Londrina 86.057\u2010970 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriane","family":"Lenhard\u2010Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Sciences State University of Londrina km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Rd (PR 445) Londrina 86.057\u2010970 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Assolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Sciences State University of Londrina km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Rd (PR 445) Londrina 86.057\u2010970 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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