{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:47:54Z","timestamp":1790621274508,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP18fk0108030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18fk0108030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza A viruses (AIV) has spread among domestic poultry and wild birds worldwide. H9N2 AIV is sporadically transmitted to humans from avian species. A total of 42 laboratory\u2010confirmed cases of non\u2010fatal human infection with the Eurasian Y280 and G1 lineages have been reported in China, Hong Kong, Bangladesh and Egypt since 1997. H9N2 AIV infections in poultry have become endemic in Asia and the Middle East and are a major source of viral internal genes for other AIV subtypes, such that continuous monitoring of H9N2 AIV is recommended. In this study, a new, one\u2010step, real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR assay was developed to detect two major Eurasian H9 lineages of AIV capable of causing human infection. The sensitivity of this assay was determined using <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\u2010transcribed RNA, and the detection limit was approximately 3 copies\/reaction. In this assay, no cross\u2010reactivity was observed against RNA from H1\u201315 subtypes of influenza A viruses, influenza B viruses and other viral respiratory pathogens. In addition, this assay could detect the H9 hemagglutinin (HA) gene from artificially reconstituted clinical samples spiked with H9N2 virus without any non\u2010specific reactions. Therefore, this assay is highly sensitive and specific for H9 HA detection. The assay is useful both for diagnostic purposes in cases of suspected human infection with influenza H9N2 viruses and for the surveillance of both avian and human influenza viruses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T08:28:48Z","timestamp":1546331328000},"page":"21-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Development and evaluation of a new real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR assay for detecting the latest H9N2 influenza viruses capable of causing human infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Shinji","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases 4\u20107\u20101 Gakuen Musashimurayama Tokyo 208\u20100011 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