{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:46:06Z","timestamp":1790912766895,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Silkworm, <jats:italic>Bombyx mori<\/jats:italic>, has various advantages as an experimental animal, such as the low cost for rearing and fewer ethical problems. Models utilizing silkworms of infection with pathogenic bacteria have been established for identification of genes encoding virulence factors by large\u2010scale <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> screening. In this review, we describe recent progress in the study of silkworm infection models for elucidating the mechanisms of fungi infection. Silkworm infection models have been established for <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>, which are yeast type fungi, and <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Arthroderma benhamiae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Microsporum canis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rhizopus oryzae<\/jats:italic>, which are filamentous fungi. Novel genes encoding virulence factors in <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> have been identified by using the silkworm infection models. We here outline the benefits of using silkworm infection models and a strategy for identifying the genes responsible for pathogenicity of microorganisms such as fungi. \u00a9 2019 The Authors. <jats:italic>Microbiology and Immunology<\/jats:italic> Published by The Societies and John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T04:42:23Z","timestamp":1548132143000},"page":"41-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Silkworm as an experimental animal for research on fungal infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology 359 Otsuka Hachioji Tokyo 192\u20100395 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