{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:26:01Z","timestamp":1790727961784,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that mediates caspase\u20101 activation with subsequent maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018. The NLRP3 inflammasome is known to be activated by\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , one of the leading causes of bacteremia worldwide. Inflammasome activation and regulation in response to bacterial infection have been found to be of importance for a balanced host immune response. However, inflammasome signaling\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in humans initiated by\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is currently sparsely studied. This study therefore aimed to investigate NLRP3 inflammasome activity in 20 patients with\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteremia (SAB), by repeated measurement during the first week of bacteremia, compared with controls. Caspase\u20101 activity was measured in monocytes and neutrophils by flow cytometry detecting FLICA (fluorescent\u2010labeled inhibitor of caspase\u20101), while IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018 was measured by Luminex and ELISA, respectively. As a measure of inflammasome priming, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of\n                    <jats:italic>NLRP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CASP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>procaspase\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>pro\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was analyzed by quantitative PCR. We found induced caspase\u20101 activity in innate immune cells with subsequent release of IL\u201018 in patients during the acute phase of bacteremia, indicating activation of the inflammasome. There was substantial interindividual variation in caspase\u20101 activity between patients with SAB. We also found an altered inflammasome priming with low mRNA levels of\n                    <jats:italic>NLRP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    accompanied by elevated mRNA levels of\n                    <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This increased knowledge of the individual host immune response in SAB could provide support in the effort to optimize management and treatment of each individual patient.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T05:15:04Z","timestamp":1565586904000},"page":"487-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Caspase\u20101 inflammasome activity in patients with\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2784-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunl\u00f6g","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases \u00d6rebro University Hospital  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"iRiSC \u2010 Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhane Asfaw","family":"Idosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"iRiSC \u2010 Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"B\u00e4ckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  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