{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:48:44Z","timestamp":1790621324070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extensive rate of variations in the <jats:italic>S1<\/jats:italic> gene (spike glycoprotein subunit gene) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes challenges for clinicians in counting variants for differentiation of infected from vaccinated birds and addressing the variants of unknown significance. This study investigated the possibility of using an <jats:italic>RNA\u2010dependent RNA polymerase<\/jats:italic> gene (RdRp) as a target for molecular characterization of IBV strains in Iran. Trachea samples were collected from commercial broiler flocks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200952) showing respiratory syndrome. Specific PCR primers were designed for a variable region located in the <jats:italic>RdRp<\/jats:italic> gene flanked by highly conserved regions. Reverse transcriptase PCR followed by sequence analysis identified eight IBV variants, with an overall prevalence of 44.2%. Deduced nucleotide and amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences for IBV strains. Because of the long\u2010distance similarities, the field samples could be discriminated from vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis of <jats:italic>RdRp<\/jats:italic> gene sequences resulted in clustering of the IBV strains related to each area. Using <jats:italic>RdRp<\/jats:italic> as a genetic marker eliminates the challenges arising from the enormous variations that make it difficult to discriminate between field and vaccine strains as well as affiliate certain variants to various geographical areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T04:04:16Z","timestamp":1590552256000},"page":"556-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus based on RNA\u2010dependent RNA polymerase gene"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mozafar","family":"Hajijafari Anaraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nariman","family":"Sheikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Haghbin Nazarpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch Islamic Azad University  Garmsar Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2970-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Nikbakht Brujeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran 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report","volume":"20","author":"Sadri N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Molecular detection and phylogenetic properties of isolated infectious bronchitis viruses from broilers in Ahvaz, southwest Iran, based on partial sequences of spike gene","volume":"9","author":"Boroomand Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Detection of Newcastle disease, H9N2 avian influenza, and infectious bronchitis viruses in respiratory diseases in backyard chickens in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2014\u20102015","volume":"73","author":"Boroomand Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst"}],"container-title":["Microbiology and 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