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They play an essential role in the progression of different stages of HCV infection. The roles of miR\u2010196 family in HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma progression remain poorly understood. Using ViTa databases, miR\u2010196a as a high\u2010score miRNA targeting the NS<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>A region of HCV genome was selected. Using dual luciferase assay and an established cell\u2010cultured HCV (HCVcc) system, the effect of miR\u2010196a on HCV genome was assessed. <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic> analysis demonstrated the significant role of miR\u2010196a in the downregulation of HCV replication. Using dual luciferase assay, the liver\u2010specific miR\u2010196a and <jats:italic>NS<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> gene binding was confirmed. To assess the experimental role of miR\u2010196a, an HCVcc system was established in the Huh 7.5 cell lines. The HCV\u2010RNA 1b derived from an infected patient was transfected into Huh 7.5 cells containing miR\u2010196a lentiviral vectors (Huh 7.5\/miR\u2010196a), mocks (Huh 7.5\/mock vector), and na\u00efve Huh 7.5 cells. The rate of reduction of the HCV genome replication was assessed using relative real\u2010time PCR assay. These results represent miR\u2010196a overexpression and its roles in regulating HCV genome replication. However, miR\u2010196a may inhibit HCV replication and accelerate the early stages of apoptosis. Overexpression of miR\u2010196a in Huh 7.5 replicon cell is a potential new strategy to prevent hepatitis C infection. The results of this study suggest that miR\u2010196a directly downregulates HCV replication and may serve as a new antiviral therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T13:36:16Z","timestamp":1611149776000},"page":"161-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Downregulation of hepatitis C virus replication by miR\u2010196a using lentiviral vectors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7401-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Shafaati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University Jahrom 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