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Some species, such as <jats:italic>S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>, are recognized as the major human pathogens, and their pathogenicity toward humans has been investigated. However, many of other streptococcal species have been recognized as opportunistic pathogens in humans, and their clinical importance has been underestimated. In our previous study, the Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) and Mitis group streptococci (MGS) showed clear \u03b2\u2010hemolysis on blood agar, and the factors responsible for the hemolysis were homologs of two types of \u03b2\u2010hemolysins, cholesterol\u2010dependent cytolysin (CDC) and streptolysin S (SLS). In contrast to the regular \u03b2\u2010hemolysins produced by streptococci (typical CDCs and SLSs), genetically, structurally, and functionally atypical \u03b2\u2010hemolysins have been observed in AGS and MGS. These atypical \u03b2\u2010hemolysins are thought to affect and contribute to the pathogenic potential of opportunistic streptococci mainly inhabiting the human oral cavity. In this review, we introduce the diverse characteristics of \u03b2\u2010hemolysin produced by opportunistic streptococci, focusing on the species\/strains belonging to AGS and MGS, and discuss their pathogenic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T18:46:39Z","timestamp":1633027599000},"page":"512-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Diversity of \u03b2\u2010hemolysins produced by the human opportunistic streptococci"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Tabata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9995-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Nagamune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-189401000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"BrownJH. 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