{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T06:23:16Z","timestamp":1763706196990,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K09560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K09560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic>, one of the early colonizers of oral biofilms, is involved in the development of dental caries, periodontal disease, and infective endocarditis. The Hsa adhesin of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gordonii<\/jats:italic> DL1 has the ability to bind strongly to the terminal sialic acid groups of host glycoproteins via the binding region, nonrepetitive region 2 (NR2), which is important for the pathogenicity of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gordonii<\/jats:italic> DL1. Low similarity with the NR2 of Hsa homologs among other streptococcal species has been reported. However, the reports have been limited to certain strains. This study attempted to assess frequency of the expression on the bacterial cell surface and to analyze the diversity of Hsa homologs among different wild strains of oral streptococci. We isolated 186 wild\u2010type strains of oral streptococci from healthy volunteers and analyzed their hemagglutinating (HA) activity on human erythrocytes and their Hsa homologs and NR2 homologous regions by dot immunoblotting using anti\u2010Hsa and anti\u2010NR2 antisera, respectively. We found 30 strains reacted with anti\u2010NR2 antiserum (NR2 positive) and determined the sequence of the NR2 regions. Many strains with high HA activity were also NR2 positive, suggesting that the NR2 region may be associated with HA activity. Among the NR2\u2010positive strains, four different amino acid sequence patterns were observed, demonstrating diversity in the NR2 region. Notably, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gordonii<\/jats:italic> strains frequently possessed Hsa homologs and NR2\u2010like antigens compared with other streptococci. It is speculated that the possessing frequency of Hsa homologs and the amino acid sequence of NR2 region may vary among streptococcal species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T06:18:45Z","timestamp":1637043525000},"page":"59-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Expression and diversity of the sialic acid\u2013binding adhesin and its homologs associated with oral streptococcal infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8464-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuiko","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo Tokyo 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