{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:57:28Z","timestamp":1740149848944,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>T cell stimulation by bacterial superantigens induces a cytokine storm. After T cell activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion, regulatory T cells (Treg) are produced to suppress the immune response. <jats:italic>Coccomyxa<\/jats:italic> sp.KJ (IPOD FERM BP\u201022254), a green alga, is reported to regulate immune reactions. Therefore, we examined the effects of <jats:italic>Coccomyxa<\/jats:italic> sp.KJ extract (CE) on the superantigen\u2010induced immune response. When human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with toxic shock syndrome\u20101 (TSST\u20101) in the presence of CE, the number of activated T cells decreased moderately. Purified T cells stimulated in the presence of CE comprised more non\u2010proliferating cells than those stimulated in the absence of CE, whereas some T cells proliferated more quickly. The levels of activation markers on the stimulated T cells increased in the presence of CE. Most of the inflammatory cytokines did not change but IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201017, IL\u20104, and IL\u201013 secretion increased, whereas that of IL\u20102, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u201018 decreased. IL\u201010 secretion was also decreased by CE treatment, suggesting that the immune response was not suppressed by Treg cells. CE enhanced the expression of stem cell\u2010like memory cell markers in T cells. These results suggest that CE can regulate the fate of T cells and can help to ameliorate superantigen\u2010induced T cell hyperactivation and immune suppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T08:41:37Z","timestamp":1652258497000},"page":"394-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Coccomyxa<\/i> sp.KJ extract affects the fate of T cells stimulated by toxic shock syndrome toxin\u20101, a superantigen secreted by <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Shino","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Kanagawa 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