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However, the immunological mechanisms that determine if an individual will develop latent or active TB remain incompletely understood. Here we compared the response of innate and adaptive peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals without Mtb infection (QFT negative) and from individuals with latent (QFT positive) or active TB infection, to determine the characteristics of these cells that correlate with each condition. In active TB patients, the levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 that were produced in response to Mtb\u2010specific antigens had high positive correlations with IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, MCP\u20101, IL\u20106, IL\u201012p70, and IL\u201023, while the proinflammatory cytokines had high positive correlations between themselves and with IL\u201012p70 and IL\u201023. These correlations were not observed in QFT\u2010negative or QFT\u2010positive healthy volunteers. Activation with Mtb\u2010soluble extract (a mixture of Mtb antigens and pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns [PAMPs]) increased the percentage of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2013\/IL\u201017\u2013producing NK cells and of IL\u201017\u2013producing innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3) in the peripheral blood of active TB patients, but not of QFT\u2010negative or QFT\u2010positive healthy volunteers. Thus, active TB patients have both adaptive and innate lymphocyte subsets that produce characteristic cytokine profiles in response to Mtb\u2010specific antigens or PAMPs. These profiles are not observed in uninfected individuals or in individuals with latent TB, suggesting that they are a response to active TB infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T08:54:47Z","timestamp":1658307287000},"page":"477-490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential activation of innate and adaptive lymphocytes during latent or active infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Bibiana Patricia","family":"Ruiz\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Westhill Mexico City 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Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN) Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen Marlon","family":"Brito\u2010Arriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas (ENCB) Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN) Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cruz\u2010Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas (ENCB) Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN) Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor Gabriel","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases Laboratory Institut des maladies g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques (IMAGINE) Paris 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