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This pathogen colonizes the nasopharyngeal epithelia asymptomatically but can often migrate to sterile tissues and cause life\u2010threatening invasive infections (invasive pneumococcal disease). Although multivalent pneumococcal polysaccharides and conjugate vaccines are available and effective, they also have major shortcomings with respect to the emergence of vaccine\u2010resistant serotypes. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed, and the molecular analysis of host\u2013pathogen interactions and their applications to pharmaceutical development and clinical practice has recently received increased attention. In this review, we introduce pneumococcal surface virulence factors involved in pathogenicity and highlight recent advances in our understanding of host autophagy recognition mechanisms against intracellular <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and pneumococcal evasion from autophagy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:39:30Z","timestamp":1678077570000},"page":"224-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular mechanism of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\u2013targeting xenophagy recognition and evasion: Reinterpretation of pneumococci as intracellular bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6883-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michinaga","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology 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