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To seek new strategies to overcome HIV type 1 (HIV\u20101) latency, one of the major barriers to HIV elimination, it is crucial to better understand how this state is maintained. Here, by means of an RNA interference screen employing an HIV\u20101 latency model using monocytic cell lines, we identified solute carrier family 25 member 42 (SLC25A42) as a potential host factor not previously known to affect HIV\u20101 latency. SLC25A42 knockdown resulted in increased HIV\u20101 expression, whereas forced expression of exogenous SLC25A42 suppressed it in SLC25A42\u2010depleted cells. SLC25A42 depletion increased HIV\u20101 proviral transcriptional elongation but did not cause HIV\u20101 activation in an HIV\u20101 Tat\u2010depleted latency model. This suggests that the role of SLC25A42 in HIV\u20101 transcription depends on HIV\u20101 Tat. Chromatin immunoprecipitation\u2010qPCR analysis further revealed that SLC25A42 accumulated on or near the HIV\u20101 5\u02b9 long terminal repeat promoter region of the HIV\u20101 provirus, suggesting a possible role in regulating HIV\u20101 Tat near this promoter region. These results indicate that SLC25A42 plays a novel role in HIV\u20101 latency maintenance in monocytic HIV\u20101 reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T16:39:55Z","timestamp":1705768795000},"page":"90-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel role of host protein SLC25A42 in the HIV\u20101 reactivation of latent HIV\u20101 provirus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4228-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei","family":"Taga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Virology Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of High\u2010risk Infectious Disease Control Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"TMDU Center for Infectious Disease Education and Analysis (TCIDEA) Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/8394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00375-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0335-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01349-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39898-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI167417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.014118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21942-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.04.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48681-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201000799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A homozygous splice site mutation in SLC25A42, encoding the mitochondrial transporter of coenzyme A, causes metabolic crises and epileptic encephalopathy","volume":"44","author":"Iuso A","year":"2019","journal-title":"JIMD Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm6210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02408-17"}],"container-title":["Microbiology and 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