{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:27:39Z","timestamp":1782930459062,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a prion disease in cattle caused by classical\u2010type (C\u2010), L\u2010type (L\u2010), or H\u2010type (H\u2010) BSE prions. While C\u2010BSE prions are zoonotic agents responsible for variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease, L\u2010 and H\u2010BSE prions are believed not to be connected to human prion diseases. However, L\u2010BSE prions have been shown to transmit to cynomolgus monkeys (<jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>), suggesting they may have zoonotic potential. In the present study, we examined whether H\u2010BSE prions are transmissible to cynomolgus monkeys. The monkeys were injected intracranially (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) or given orally (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) with brain homogenates from a cow infected with H\u2010BSE prions. After asymptomatic observation periods of 4\u20136 years, the monkeys were euthanized for autopsy. Histological examination of the brain did not reveal any pathological changes. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses did not detect disease\u2010associated forms of prion protein (PrP<jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup>) in the brain, peripheral neurons, or lymphatic tissues. The unsuccessful transmission indicates an effective barrier against the transmission of cattle H\u2010BSE prions to cynomolgus monkeys. Based on the results obtained in this nonhuman primate model, we estimated that the potential transmission of H\u2010BSE prions to humans is substantially lower than C\u2010 and L\u2010BSE prions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T09:30:34Z","timestamp":1731317434000},"page":"25-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lack of Evidence for Transmission of Atypical H\u2010Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prions (H\u2010BSE Prions) by Intracranial and Oral Challenges to Nonhuman Primates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shibata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsukuba Primate Research Center National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Okayama University of Science Imabari Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Institute of Infectious Diseases Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ohto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morikazu","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Tobiume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Institute of Infectious Diseases Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1948-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken'ichi","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Institute of Infectious Diseases Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Prion Biology and Diseases","author":"Prusiner S. 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