{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:57:28Z","timestamp":1740149848222,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> (OT) is an obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by larval trombiculid mites, responsible for scrub typhus in humans. In Japan, approximately 500 human cases are reported annually, with six major serotypes identified as Kato, Karp, Gilliam, Irie\/Kawasaki, Shimokoshi, and Hirano\/Kuroki. However, the prevalence of OT in Yamaguchi prefecture remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and serotypes of OT in wild rodents collected from eight locations within the prefecture. DNA was extracted from spleen and liver samples of 135 wild rodents collected between 2015 and 2024, and PCR was conducted to detect OT targeting the 56\u2009kDa type\u2010specific antigen gene. As a result, five individuals (3.7%) were detected positive for OT DNA. OT was successfully isolated from two of the five rodents and characterized by multi\u2010locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on 11 housekeeping genes. The MLSA results indicated that both isolates clustered with OT strain Ikeda (JG serotype). Additionally, we performed a serological test on 117 serum samples from wild rodents using the indirect immune peroxidase test. The results showed that 59.8% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200970\/117) of the rodents had antibodies against OT, with 73% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200951\/70) showing the highest titer against the OT strains Gilliam (Gilliam serotype) and Ikeda (JG serotype), known to be transmitted by <jats:italic>Leptotrombidum pallidum<\/jats:italic> mites. Overall, the present study identified the OT serotypes and potential primary vector species in Yamaguchi prefecture, emphasizing the need for further surveillance, particularly, in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T12:38:51Z","timestamp":1732624731000},"page":"96-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The High Prevalence of <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/i> Among Wild Rodents and the Identification of Its Major Serotypes in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, Where Scrub Typhus Patients Are Rarely Identified"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Abdelrahman","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Supriyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences IPB University Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kiuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Utsunomiya University Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shohei","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenzo","family":"Yonemitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryusei","family":"Kuwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Okayama University of Science  Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0080-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9904-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsubasa","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice C. 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