{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:51:47Z","timestamp":1767858707999,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (Ypt) is a gram\u2010negative bacterium that infects both humans and animals primarily through fecal\u2012oral transmission. While Ypt causes acute gastroenteritis in humans, an association with Kawasaki disease (KD), a disease that primarily affects infants and young children and causes multisystemic vasculitis, has also been suspected. Although KD represents a significant health concern worldwide, the highest annual incidence rate is reported in Japan. Previously, a geographical origin\u2010dependent population structure of Ypt comprising the Asian, transitional, and European clades was proposed. However, genomic data on KD\u2010associated Ypt strains is currently unavailable. In this study, to analyze the phylogenetic and genomic features of KD\u2010associated strains, we determined the whole\u2010genome sequences of 35 Japanese Ypt strains, including 11 KD\u2010associated strains, and constructed a genome set (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009204) representing the global population of Ypt by adding publicly available Ypt genomes. In a phylogenetic analysis, all sequenced Japanese strains, including the KD\u2010associated strains, belonged to the Asian clade, which appeared to be the ancestral clade of Ypt, and the KD\u2010associated strains belonged to multiple lineages in this clade. Strains from patients with Far East scarlet\u2010like fever (FESLF), a KD\u2010related disease, also belonged to the Asian clade. Moreover, no KD strain\u2010specific genes were identified in pan\u2010genome\u2010wide association study analyses. Notably, however, the gene encoding a superantigen called <jats:italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\u2010derived mitogen (YPM) showed a distribution pattern highly biased to the Asian clade. Although further studies are needed, our results suggest that Asian clade strains may have a greater potential to trigger KD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T08:01:46Z","timestamp":1736409706000},"page":"182-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genome Analysis of Japanese <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/i> Strains Isolated From Kawasaki Disease Patients and Other Sources and Their Phylogenetic Positions in the Global <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/i> Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Yasuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka 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