{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:07:49Z","timestamp":1789762069569,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is mainly triggered by Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) infection. There are few studies on the role of the gut microbiota in IM and EBV\u2010associated liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the gut microbiota in the EBV\u2010associated liver dysfunction and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of gut microbiota dysbiosis and cytokine levels. A case\u2010control study was performed. Individuals meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria for EBV\u2010induced IM were enrolled and their fecal and blood samples were collected. The V3\u2010V4 region of the 16s rDNA gene of fecal microbiota was sequenced; bioinformatics analysis including <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010diversity, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010diversity, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was performed; and the correlation between bacteria and clinical indices was analysed. A total of 48 participants completed fecal and blood tests, including 18 IM, 11 EBV\u2010associated liver dysfunction, 12 healthy children and 7 EBV\u2010negative liver dysfunction. The <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010diversity and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010diversity of the gut microbiota in the EBV\u2010associated liver dysfunction was more than that in IM. The abundance of <jats:italic>Granulicatella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Atopobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> increased, while the abundance of <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sutterella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Collinsella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic> decreased in the EBV\u2010associated liver dysfunction compared with the IM. The abundance of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Atopobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> correlated positively with the levels of IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cytotoxic T lymphocytes%. Gut microbiota of EBV\u2010associated liver dysfunction was significantly disturbed and associated with systemic immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T05:44:31Z","timestamp":1736487871000},"page":"203-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Epstein\u2010Barr Virus\u2010Associated Liver Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9768-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Internal Medicine Department Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Zhejiang China"},{"name":"The Ward II of Pediatric Jinhua Maternal &amp; Child Health Care Hospital Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ward II of Pediatric Jinhua Maternal &amp; Child Health Care Hospital Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanqi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ward II of Pediatric Jinhua Maternal &amp; Child Health Care Hospital Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Internal Medicine Department Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Zhejiang China"},{"name":"The Ward II of Pediatric Jinhua Maternal &amp; Child Health Care Hospital Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Internal Medicine Department Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Internal Medicine Department Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Zhejiang China"},{"name":"The Ward II of Pediatric Jinhua Maternal &amp; Child Health Care Hospital Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.809005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-021-03824-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09049-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0334-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12640"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-023-01498-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1297994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00592-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.803691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"J. 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