{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:32:23Z","timestamp":1792812743054,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supplementation with <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/jats:italic> G9\u20101 (BBG9\u20101) has been established to enhance the production of butyrate, a short\u2010chain fatty acid (SCFA) known for its beneficial effects in alleviating constipation. We hypothesized that BBG9\u20101 alters gut microbiota such that bacteria that produce butyric acid from lactate and acetate become more abundant. In this study, we sought to determine whether BBG9\u20101 promotes the growth of butyrate\u2010producing bacteria and thereby enhances butyrate production. BBG9\u20101 was cocultured with different butyrate\u2010producing bacteria to compare differences in the SCFA production of cocultures and monocultures. We indeed detected significant increases in the production of SCFAs in cocultures compared to monocultures. Moreover, lactate and butyrate production increased in a time\u2010dependent manner in the BBG9\u20101 and <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> ID 6052 coculture. In addition, acetate production in cocultures initially increased until 16\u2009h, followed by a decline between 20 and 24\u2009h, and a subsequent significant increase at 48\u2009h. Comparatively, lactate and acetate production in the BBG9\u20101 and <jats:italic>Anaerostipes caccae<\/jats:italic> JCM 13470<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup> coculture peaked at 16\u2009h and declined thereafter, and butyrate production increased in a time\u2010dependent manner. In contrast, lactate, acetate, and butyrate production in the BBG9\u20101 and <jats:italic>Roseburia hominis<\/jats:italic> JCM 17582<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup> coculture increased in a time\u2010dependent manner. These findings indicate that butyrate\u2010producing bacteria increase butyrate production by utilizing BBG9\u20101\u2010produced lactate and acetate. Thus, the butyrate\u2010mediated physiological activity of BBG9\u20101 could be attributed to an indirect enhancement of butyrate production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:42:18Z","timestamp":1745469738000},"page":"389-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Coculture of <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/i> G9\u20101 With Butyrate\u2010Producing Bacteria Promotes Butyrate Production"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3709-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruka","family":"Yokota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO Working Group Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Working Group on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food(Food and Agriculture Organization\/World Health Organization 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.18-020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.2020-073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15586"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12224176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-6-2141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64098-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.5.3593-3599.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.3.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06858-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pg.2013.38731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnv176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0324-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc3965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.005"}],"container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1348-0421.13224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T06:05:14Z","timestamp":1751609114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1348-0421.13224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1348-0421.13224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1348-0421.13224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-5600","1348-0421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-5600","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-0421","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}