{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:37:26Z","timestamp":1789591046813,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Influenza is generally understood to be transmitted through inhaling virus\u2010contaminating aerosol\/droplets or contact with virus\u2010contaminated environmental surfaces (or fomites). However, the risk associated with transmission through contact with fomites is hypothetical, lacking solid quantitative evidence. In our previous paper, we demonstrated through a series of experiments that the probability of influenza virus transmission from touching contaminated surfaces of face masks is minimal (<jats:italic>Sci Rep<\/jats:italic> 2024, <jats:italic>14<\/jats:italic>, 20211). In the present study, we expanded upon this study by conducting an experimental evaluation of the likelihood of influenza transmission from dried fomites under three specific scenarios: (1) when a floor\/table lies within the trajectory of artificial coughs, (2) when stainless\u2010steel door levers are exposed to viral spraying (simulating cough), and (3) when door levers are exposed to viruses on the grasping hand. The fingertips contacting the above fomites formed on the surfaces were washed into a rinsing medium. Subsequently, we evaluated the rinsing medium for viral content using plaque\u2010forming assay to detect the viable viruses and real\u2010time quantitative PCR assay to detect the viral genes. We found that viable viruses were rarely transmitted to fingertips from the above fomites even when the viral loads in the viral fluid contaminating the fomites far exceeded that seen in real life. Consequently, we conclude that the probability of contact transmission of influenza via dried fomites is negligible or minimal under the scenarios studied here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T09:45:26Z","timestamp":1747734326000},"page":"397-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Minimal Influenza Virus Transmission From Touching Contaminated Floors and Metal Door Levers: Laboratory Study II"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center National Hospital Organization Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5681-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center National Hospital Organization Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Katsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center National Hospital Organization Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3570-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center National Hospital Organization Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd. 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