{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T12:04:37Z","timestamp":1784981077160,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is believed that human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)\u2010W plays a fundamental role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, probably by inducing humoral and cellular immunopathological response. HERVs present regions of similarity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and therefore could induce autoimmunity through the mechanism of molecular mimicry via cross\u2010humoral response. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of HERV\u2010mediated humoral response among MS patients by assessing IgG antibody levels of HERV\u2010W and K in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF samples were collected from MS patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925). Serum samples from MS group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) were also analyzed. CSF samples were assessed for global and differential cell counts, analytical biochemistry, and oligoclonal bands analysis. ELISA was used to determine the serum and intrathecal (CSF) presence and concentration of anti\u2010MOG, anti\u2010HERV\u2010W\u2010env, and anti\u2010HERV\u2010K\u2010pol antibodies. ELISA findings revealed higher concentrations of anti\u2010MOG and HERV\u2010W IgG in MS compared to IIH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0142 respectively), while HERV\u2010K IgG showed concentration to three HERV\u2010K peptides (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). A positive correlation was also observed between serum and CSF antibody concentration for MOG (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.47 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), HERV\u2010W (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.72 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and three HERV\u2010K peptides (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.49, 0.57, 0.61 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0126, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, respectively) among MS patients. Our findings revealed high concentrations of anti\u2010HERV\u2010K and \u2010W antibodies in serum and CSF among MS patients, suggesting a possible role of humoral immunopathological response. In addition, the positive correlation between serum and CSF antibody concentration indicates the potential application of serum levels of anti\u2010HERV and anti\u2010MOG as biomarkers for MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T06:53:16Z","timestamp":1753253596000},"page":"495-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anti\u2010Human Endogenous Retrovirus and Anti\u2010Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Humoral Response in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Case Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0868-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin C.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade Santo Amaro S\u00e3o Paulo 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3539-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u00e3 B.","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Connecting Science Wellcome Genome Campus Hixton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4084-7973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto C.","family":"Penalva\u2010de\u2010Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurologia e Infectologia Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-2450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro L.","family":"de Andrade Matas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurologia Unifesp: setor L\u00edquido cefalorraquidiano e Neuroinfectologia S\u00e3o Paulo 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