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Although miR\u2010186 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis, and was predicted to target immune\u2010related genes, its role in sepsis is unclear. We retrospectively enrolled 21 infected patients and 20 sepsis patients. The miR\u2010186 level in blood cells was detected using real\u2010time PCR. Cytokine concentrations and lymphocyte subpopulation proportions were determined using flow cytometry. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records. The diagnostic ability of miR\u2010186 was compared with procalcitonin and lactate using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. miR\u2010186 was inhibited in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice, followed by measurement of cytokine expression using real\u2010time PCR and flow cytometry. The expression level of miR\u2010186 was significantly higher in septic patients than in infected patients. miR\u2010186 showed relatively better diagnostic performance for sepsis than procalcitonin and lactate. The in vitro assay showed that LPS enhanced miR\u2010186 expression under a dose\u2010dependent manner. In vitro miR\u2010186 inhibition in HUVECs inhibited <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL\u20106<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>IL\u20108<\/jats:italic> expression. In vivo miR\u2010186 inhibition significantly lowered IL\u20101\u03b2 concentration and natural killer cell ratio. In this study, we found that miR\u2010186 is significantly upregulated in sepsis and plays a regulatory role in cytokine expression, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic biomarker for sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T08:14:11Z","timestamp":1754554451000},"page":"522-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["miR\u2010186 Regulates Septic Hyperinflammation and Predicts Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8614-669X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangru","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital Olympic Village Street Beijing 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