{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:36:36Z","timestamp":1770226596249,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Orthobornaviruses express X and the phosphoprotein (P) from a bicistronic X\/P mRNA, and these proteins regulate polymerase activity. In mammalian orthobornaviruses, the 5\u2032 untranslated region (5\u2032 UTR) of the X\/P mRNA controls the translational balance between X and P and thereby promotes efficient replication. Avian bornaviruses (ABVs) belong to two clades, clade\u20102 and \u20103, that differ in the structure and length of the 5\u2032 UTR of the X\/P mRNA. However, the functional consequences of these differences remain unclear. Using reverse genetics, we generated chimeric viruses by reciprocally exchanging the 5\u2032 UTR of the X\/P mRNA among clade 2 parrot bornavirus 5 (PaBV\u20105) and aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV\u20101) and clade 3 PaBV\u20104. In PaBV\u20105, a long 5\u2032 UTR with a stem\u2013loop and an upstream ORF was required to maintain the X\u2010to\u2010P translational balance. On the other hand, replacing the 5\u2032 UTR of the X\/P mRNA from PaBV\u20105 with that from PaBV\u20104 reduced X expression and markedly impaired viral growth. However, PaBV\u20104 tolerated the 5\u2032 UTR of the X\/P mRNA from PaBV\u20105 without detectable effects on translation or replication, which suggests that translation of PaBV\u20104 X\/P mRNA does not depend on the origin of the 5\u2032 UTR. Furthermore, ABBV\u20101 replicated efficiently with the 5\u2032 UTR of the X\/P mRNA from PaBV\u20105 but was strongly attenuated with that from PaBV\u20104. Taken together, these results demonstrate a clade\u2010dependent requirement for the 5\u2032 UTR for translation of the X\/P mRNA and provide novel insights into the evolution of translational control in orthobornaviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T07:09:36Z","timestamp":1765177776000},"page":"80-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct 5\u2032 UTR Requirements for Translation of the Bicistronic X\/P mRNA Among Avian Orthobornaviruses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Meng\u2010Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takehiro","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Komorizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infection, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA) The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madoka","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Leacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Susta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9628-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0405-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keizo","family":"Tomonaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001613"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001864"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2000.0533"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.046961-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1902752"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071513"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-88"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1412.080984"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2276-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-013-0913-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.589825"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090353"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160936"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071513"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-015-1251-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12385"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2546-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7811540"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03825-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2012.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2015.1137867"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.3.1382-1396.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05700-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051161"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000654"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11781-11789.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19467-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/000638-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02468-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00509-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05554-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102236"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12505"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc15i01s34"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.14.8099-8107.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12322"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-02138-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002093"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81291-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.3.1121-1129.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007875"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004227"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02233-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.15.9007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408913200"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62906-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v5081978"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.009"}],"container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1348-0421.70031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1348-0421.70031","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1348-0421.70031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T05:54:32Z","timestamp":1770184472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1348-0421.70031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1348-0421.70031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1348-0421.70031","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-5600","1348-0421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-5600","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-0421","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}