{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:11:35Z","timestamp":1770228695964,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les H\u00e9patites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECTZ103203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECTZ103203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    HEV causes chronic infections that are detrimental to immunocompromised patients. Previous studies showed alterations of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets at the acute phase of HEV infection. To assess a possible role of CMV, we have examined the frequencies and responses to CMV and HEV of blood \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets from control donors and acute\u2010phase HEV patients with or without CMV. CMV DNA was mostly undetectable in the blood of CMV\u2010seropositive HEV patients, and anti\u2010CMV antibodies were only slightly elevated. However, V\u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were enriched in vivo, suggesting an increased CMV burden. In contrast, \u03b39\u03b41 cells were depleted in most HEV patients, regardless of CMV status. Culturing with IL\u20102 and IL\u201015 led to strong \u03b39\u03b41 T cell enrichment in samples from HEV patients. After IL\u20102\/IL\u201015 sensitization, analysis of IFN\u2010\u03b3 responses to CMV\u2010infected fibroblasts or hepatocarcinoma cells (with IL\u201018) showed innate responsiveness to CMV in \u03b39\u03b41, \u03b39\u03b42, and \u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells in some control subjects and CMV\u2010seronegative patients. However, these responses were selectively exacerbated in CMV\u2010seropositive HEV patients, who also showed significant \u03b1\u03b2 T cell responses to CMV. This indicates reactivation of anti\u2010CMV immunity. Responses to HEV\u2010infected HepG2 cells remained undetected. IFN\u2010\u03b3 responses were not associated with TCR downmodulation in \u03b39\u03b42 or \u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells. However, IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing \u03b39\u03b41 from HEV patients were characterized by high TCR expression, which was downmodulated after stimulation with CMV\u2010infected fibroblasts or CMV\/HEV\u2010coinfected HepG2 cells. We conclude that \u03b39\u03b41 T cells are selectively mobilized in HEV patients and can be activated by CMV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T12:18:07Z","timestamp":1765801087000},"page":"113-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exacerbation of Anti\u2010Cytomegalovirus Immunity and Mobilization of \u03b39\u03b41 T Cells During the Acute Phase of Hepatitis E Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Retailleau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), UMR1291\u2014CNRS UMR5051, Infinity Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse Toulouse 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