{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:57:43Z","timestamp":1790845063155,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus sobrinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a member of the\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    group and is a cariogenic bacterium similar to\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . One of the characteristics of these bacteria is bacitracin resistance, and BceAB (MbrAB), an ABC transporter of\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has been reported to be involved in bacitracin resistance. However, the factors responsible for bacitracin resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>S. sobrinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are unknown. In this study, 11\n                    <jats:italic>S. sobrinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were isolated from the oral cavity, and their bacitracin susceptibility was assessed. The results showed that 9 strains were low\u2010susceptible to bacitracin (MIC\u2009=\u2009128\u2013512\u2009\u00b5g\/mL), whereas 2 strains were highly susceptible (MIC\u2009=\u200932\u2009\u00b5g\/mL). Whole\u2010genome analysis of all strains identified genes encoding an ABC transporter (designated as BceAB) and its adjacent two\u2010component system (BceRS), which showed high homology with the BceAB\u2013BceRS locus in\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We successfully generated\n                    <jats:italic>bceAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010deletion strains from bacitracin\u2010low\u2010susceptibility strains (HSB4 and HSB10) and a bacitracin\u2010high\u2010susceptibility strain (HSB8). Upon verifying their bacitracin susceptibility, the deletion strains derived from the bacitracin\u2010low\u2010susceptibility strains exhibited increased susceptibility compared to the wild\u2010type strains, whereas the deletion strain of HSB8 showed no change in susceptibility. Quantitative RT\u2013PCR revealed that, in the low\u2010susceptibility HSB5 strain, bacitracin induced\n                    <jats:italic>bceAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in a dose\u2010dependent manner, whereas no such induction was observed in the high\u2010susceptibility HSB7 strain. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the BceAB\u2013BceRS region among representative clinical isolates revealed that only BceS contained a mutation at the 179th amino acid residue (E179K) specific to the bacitracin\u2010high\u2010susceptibility strain. Based on these results, BceAB was concluded to be an intrinsic factor for bacitracin resistance, and BceRS may be associated with bacitracin\u2010induced expression of BceAB in\n                    <jats:italic>S. sobrinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:10:46Z","timestamp":1790842246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Bacitracin Resistance Mechanisms in\n                    <i>Streptococcus sobrinus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8351-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Arita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Endodontics Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Endodontics Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Endodontics Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Endodontics Graduate School of Biomedical and Health 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