{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:29:48Z","timestamp":1793111388412,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>frica although relatively little is known about the density\u2010dependent processes determining its population size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi\u2010natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>enya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>The results are compared with laboratory studies of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gambiae<\/jats:italic>larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]],"date-time":"2012-11-17T22:36:04Z","timestamp":1353191764000},"page":"166-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Larval density dependence in<i>Anopheles gambiae<\/i>s.s., the major African vector of malaria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Simon M.","family":"Muriu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology KEMRI\u2010Wellcome Trust Programme P.O. Box 230 Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Coulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology &amp; Evolution Division Imperial College London Silwood Park, Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Mbogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology KEMRI\u2010Wellcome Trust Programme P.O. Box 230 Kilifi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Charles J.","family":"Godfray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198545996.001.0001","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Humans","author":"Anderson R.M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2003239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science. 1138595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90036-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Bruce\u2010Chwatt's Essential Malariology","author":"Gilles H.M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.2.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.1.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0269-283x.2002.00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.517","article-title":"Habitat targeting for controlling aquatic stages of malaria vectors in Africa","volume":"74","author":"Killeen G.F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00254-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insecticide\u2010treated bednets and curtains for preveting malaria","volume":"2","author":"Lengeler C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1992.tb01583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"The Epidemiology and Control of Malaria","author":"Macdonald G.","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America","author":"Merritt R.W.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Mosquito Behaviour in Relation to Malaria Transmission and Control in the Tropics","author":"Muirhead\u2010Thomson R.C.","year":"1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60034-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.44","article-title":"Distribution, description, and local knowledge of larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in a village in western Kenya","volume":"74","author":"Mutuku F.M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.54","article-title":"Pupal habitat productivity of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes in a rural village in western Kenya","volume":"74","author":"Mutuku F.M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-4-49"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","unstructured":"Njunwa K.(1993)Studies on the productivity of Anopheles breeding sites in relation to adult mosquito density. 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