{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:02:44Z","timestamp":1789995764091,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list><jats:list-item><jats:p>Terrestrial food webs are woven from complex interactions, often underpinned by plant\u2010mediated interactions between herbivores and higher trophic groups. Below\u2010 and above\u2010ground herbivores can influence one another via induced changes to a shared host plant, potentially shaping the wider community. However, empirical evidence linking laboratory observations to natural field populations has so far been elusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>This study investigated how root\u2010feeding weevils (<jats:italic>Otiorhynchus sulcatus<\/jats:italic>) influence different feeding guilds of herbivore (phloem\u2010feeding aphids,<jats:italic>Cryptomyzus galeopsidis<\/jats:italic>, and leaf\u2010chewing sawflies,<jats:italic>Nematus olfaciens<\/jats:italic>) in both controlled and field conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>We hypothesized that root herbivore\u2010induced changes in plant nutrients (C, N, P and amino acids) and defensive compounds (phenolics) would underpin the interactions between root and foliar herbivores, and ultimately populations of natural enemies of the foliar herbivores in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Weevils increased field populations of aphids by ca. 700%, which was followed by an increase in the abundance of aphid natural enemies. Weevils increased the proportion of foliar essential amino acids, and this change was positively correlated with aphid abundance, which increased by 90% on plants with weevils in controlled experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>In contrast, sawfly populations were 77% smaller during mid\u2010June and adult emergence delayed by &gt;14\u00a0days on plants with weevils. In controlled experiments, weevils impaired sawfly growth by 18%, which correlated with 35% reductions in leaf phosphorus caused by root herbivory, a previously unreported mechanism for above\u2010ground\u2013below\u2010ground herbivore interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>This represents a clear demonstration of root herbivores affecting foliar herbivore community composition and natural enemy abundance in the field via two distinct plant\u2010mediated nutritional mechanisms. Aphid populations, in particular, were initially driven by bottom\u2010up effects (i.e. plant\u2010mediated effects of root herbivory), but consequent increases in natural enemies triggered top\u2010down regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T06:37:18Z","timestamp":1363329438000},"page":"1021-1030","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Downstairs drivers \u2010 root herbivores shape communities of above\u2010ground herbivores and natural enemies via changes in plant nutrients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Scott N.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"McNicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomathematics &amp; Statistics Scotland The James Hutton Institute Dundee DD2 5DA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Karley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Aboveground\u2010Belowground Linkages","author":"Bardgett R.D.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(83)90085-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.216.4542.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.48.091801.112700"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.2010.01248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2010.01761.x","article-title":"Multitrophic interactions belowground and aboveground: en route to the next level","volume":"99","author":"Dam N.M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1439-1791-00133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2806(03)31002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1312897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35046058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01681.x","article-title":"Root herbivores and detritivores shape above\u2010ground multitrophic assemblage through plant\u2010mediated effects","volume":"79","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Megias A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"How Root and Leaf Traits of Soft Fruit Help Resist Pest and Pathogen Attack. 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