{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:48:45Z","timestamp":1789102125927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1120158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1120158"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>Besides the well\u2010documented behavioural changes induced by predators on prey, predator\u2010induced stress can also include a suite of biochemical, neurological and metabolic changes that may represent important energetic costs and have long\u2010lasting effects on individuals and on the demography of prey populations. The rapid transmission of prey behavioural changes to lower trophic levels, usually associated with alteration of feeding rates, can substantially change and even reverse direction over the long term as prey cope with the energetic costs associated with predation\u2010induced stress. It is therefore critical to evaluate different aspects and assess the costs of non\u2010consumptive predator effects on prey.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>We investigated the behavioural and physiological responses of an herbivorous limpet, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>issurella limbata<\/jats:italic>, to the presence of chemical cues and direct non\u2010lethal contact by the common seastar predator, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>eliaster helianthus<\/jats:italic>. We also evaluated whether the limpets feeding behaviour was modified by the predator and whether this translated into positive or negative effects on biomass of the green alga, <jats:italic>Ulva<\/jats:italic> sp.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>Our experimental results show the presence of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>eliaster<\/jats:italic> led to increased movement activity, increased distances travelled, changes in time budget over different environmental conditions and increased feeding rate in the keyhole limpets. Moreover, additional experiments showed that, beyond the increased metabolic rate associated with limpet increased activity, predator chemical cues heighten metabolic rate as part of the induced stress response.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p>Changes in individual movement and displacement distances observed through the 9\u2010day experiment can be interpreted as part of the escape response exhibited by limpets to reduce the risk of being captured by the predator. Increased limpet feeding rate on algae can be visualized as a way individuals compensate for the elevated energetic costs of movement and heightened metabolic rates produced by the predator\u2010induced stress, which can lead to negative effects on abundance of the lower trophic level.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p>We suggest that in order to understand the total non\u2010consumptive effect of predators in natural communities, it is necessary to evaluate not only short\u2010term behavioural responses, but also the costs associated with the multiple interdependent pathways triggered by predator\u2010induced stress, and determine how individuals cope with these costs in the long term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T04:43:09Z","timestamp":1389847389000},"page":"923-933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Behavioural and physiological 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