{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:28:44Z","timestamp":1790814524409,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#263864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#263864"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Co\u2010infections by multiple parasite genotypes are common and have important implications for host\u2013parasite ecology and evolution through within\u2010host interactions. Typically, these infections take place sequentially, and therefore, the outcome of co\u2010infection may be shaped by host immune responses triggered by previous infections. For example, in vertebrates, specific immune responses play a central role in protection against disease over the course of life, but co\u2010infection research has mostly focused on previously uninfected individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, we investigated whether sequential exposure and activation of host resistance in rainbow trout\n                          <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/jats:italic>\n                          affects infection success and interactions between co\u2010infecting parasite genotypes of the trematode eye\u2010fluke\n                          <jats:italic>Diplostomum pseudospathaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>In accordance with earlier results, we show that a simultaneous attack of two parasite genotypes facilitates parasite establishment in previously uninfected hosts. However, we find for the first time that this facilitation in co\u2010infection is lost in hosts with prior infection.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We conclude that vertebrate host infection history can affect the direction of within\u2010host\u2013parasite interactions. Our results may have significant implications for the evolution of co\u2010infections and parasite transmission strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T02:40:58Z","timestamp":1448073658000},"page":"591-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Host infection history modifies co\u2010infection success of multiple parasite genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Ines","family":"Klemme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyvaskyla PO Box\u00a035 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja\u2010Riikka","family":"Louhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science 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