{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T15:05:09Z","timestamp":1778684709209,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514332800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS 1121529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS 1121529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list><jats:list-item><jats:p>Leaf litter subsidies are important resources for aquatic consumers like tadpoles and snails, causing bottom\u2010up effects on wetland ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that variation in litter nutritional quality can be as important as litter quantity in driving these bottom\u2010up effects. Resource subsidies likely also have indirect and trait\u2010mediated effects on predation and parasitism, but these potential effects remain largely unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>We generated predictions for differential effects of litter nutrition and secondary polyphenolic compounds on tadpole (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>ithobates sylvatica<\/jats:italic>) exposure and susceptibility to<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ibeiroia ondatrae<\/jats:italic>, based on ecological stoichiometry and community\u2010ecology theory. We predicted direct and indirect effects on key traits of the tadpole host (rates of growth, development and survival), the trematode parasite (production of the cercaria infective stages) and the parasite's snail intermediate host (growth and reproduction).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>To test these predictions, we conducted a large\u2010scale mesocosm experiment using a natural gradient in the concentrations of nutrients (nitrogen) and toxic secondary compounds (polyphenolics) of nine leaf litter species. To differentiate between effects on exposure vs. susceptibility to infection, we included multiple infection experiments including one with constant per capita exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>We found that increased litter nitrogen increased tadpole survival, and also increased cercaria production by the snail intermediate hosts, causing opposing effects on tadpole per capita exposure to trematode infection. Increased litter polyphenolics slowed tadpole development, leading to increased infection by increasing both their susceptibility to infection and the length of time they were exposed to parasites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Based on these results, recent shifts in forest composition towards more nitrogen\u2010poor litter species should decrease trematode infection in tadpoles via density\u2010 and trait\u2010mediated effects on the snail intermediate hosts. However, these shifts also involve increased abundance of litter species with high polyphenolic levels, which should increase trematode infection via trait\u2010mediated effects on tadpoles. Future studies will be needed to determine the relative strength of these opposing effects in natural wetland communities. [Correction added after online publication on 5 January 2017: wording changed to \u2018which should increase trematode infection via trait\u2010mediated effects on tadpoles\u2019.]<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T00:34:51Z","timestamp":1482885291000},"page":"305-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bottom\u2010up and trait\u2010mediated effects of resource quality on amphibian parasitism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State School of Medicine Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karie A.","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oakland University 2200 N. Squirrel Rd. 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