{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:13:24Z","timestamp":1790738004887,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Successful species conservation is dependent on adequate estimates of population dynamics, but age\u2010specific demographics are generally lacking for many long\u2010lived iteroparous species such as large reptiles. Accurate demographic information allows estimation of population growth rate, as well as projection of future population sizes and quantitative analyses of fitness trade\u2010offs involved in the evolution of life\u2010history strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, a long\u2010term capture\u2013recapture study was conducted from 1978 to 2014 on the American crocodile (\n                          <jats:italic>Crocodylus acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                          ) in southern Florida. Over the study period, 7,427 hatchlings were marked and 380 individuals were recaptured for as many as 25 years. We estimated survival to be strongly age dependent with hatchlings having the lowest survival rates (16%) but increasing to nearly 90% at adulthood based on mark\u2013recapture models. More than 5% of the female population were predicted to be reproductive by age 8 years; the age\u2010specific proportion of reproductive females steadily increased until age 18 when more than 95% of females were predicted to be reproductive. Population growth rate, estimated from a Leslie\u2013Lefkovitch stage\u2010class model, showed a positive annual growth rate of 4% over the study period.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Using a prospective sensitivity analysis, we revealed that the adult stage, as expected, was the most critical stage for population growth rate; however, the survival of younger crocodiles before they became reproductive also had a surprisingly high elasticity. We found that variation in age\u2010specific fecundity has very limited impact on population growth rate in American crocodiles.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We used a comparative approach to show that the original life\u2010history strategy of American crocodiles is actually shared by other large, long\u2010lived reptiles: while adult survival rates always have a large impact on population growth, this decreases with declining increasing growth rates, in favour of a higher elasticity of the juvenile stage.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Crocodiles, as a long\u2010lived and highly fecund species, deviate from the usual association of life histories of \u201cslow\u201d species. Current management practices are focused on nests and hatchling survival; however, protection efforts that extend to juvenile crocodiles would be most effective for conservation of the species, especially in an ever\u2010developing landscape.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T09:48:37Z","timestamp":1498643317000},"page":"1102-1113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Life histories and conservation of long\u2010lived reptiles, an illustration with the American crocodile (\n                    <i>Crocodylus acutus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7748-7986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venetia","family":"Briggs\u2010Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center University of Florida Fort Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9924-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Bonenfant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie \u00c9volutive Universit\u00e9 de Lyon CNRS UMR 5558 Villeurbanne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9366-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Basille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center University of Florida Fort Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Cherkiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center Center for Collaborative Research Fort Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center University of Florida Fort Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7151-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Mazzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center University of Florida Fort Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2994\/SAJH-D-14-00024.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02469-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(75)90004-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Crocodiles, proceedings of the 5th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group","author":"Blomberg G. 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