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Nonetheless, experimental comparisons of alternative functional forms of transmission remain rare, and those experiments that are conducted are often not designed to test the full range of possible forms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>To differentiate among 10 candidate transmission functions, we used a novel experimental design in which we independently varied four factors\u2014duration of exposure, numbers of parasites, numbers of hosts and parasite density\u2014in laboratory infection experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We used interactions between amphibian hosts and trematode parasites as a model system and all candidate models incorporated parasite depletion. An additional manipulation involving anaesthesia addressed the effects of host behaviour on transmission form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Across all experiments, nonlinear transmission forms involving either a power law or a negative binomial function were the best\u2010fitting models and consistently outperformed the linear density\u2010dependent and density\u2010independent functions. By testing previously published data for two other host\u2013macroparasite systems, we also found support for the same nonlinear transmission forms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Although manipulations of parasite density are common in transmission studies, the comprehensive set of variables tested in our experiments revealed that variation in density alone was least likely to differentiate among competing transmission functions. Across host\u2013pathogen systems, nonlinear functions may often more accurately represent transmission dynamics and thus provide more realistic predictions for infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T11:22:38Z","timestamp":1510053758000},"page":"703-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Experimental investigation of alternative transmission functions: Quantitative evidence for the importance of nonlinear transmission dynamics in host\u2013parasite systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6103-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Orlofske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder CO USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of Wisconsin Stevens Point  Trainer Natural Resources Building 446 Stevens Point WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Flaxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell B.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett A.","family":"Melbourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter T. 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