{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:30:02Z","timestamp":1791232202715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001037","name":"Australia and Pacific Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          For ectotherms such as lizards, the importance of behavioural thermoregulation in avoiding thermal extremes is well\u2010established and is increasingly acknowledged in modern studies of climate warming and its impacts. Less appreciated and understood are the buffering roles of retreat sites and activity phase, in part because of logistical challenges of studying below\u2010ground activity. Burrowing and nocturnal activity are key behavioural adaptations that have enabled a diverse range of reptiles to survive extreme environmental temperatures within hot desert regions. Yet, the direct impact of recent global warming on activity potential has been hypothesised to have caused extinctions in desert lizards, including the Australian arid zone skink\n                          <jats:italic>Liopholis kintorei<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We test the relevance of this hypothesis through a detailed characterisation of the above\u2010 and below\u2010ground thermal and hydric microclimates available to, and used by,\n                          <jats:italic>L.\u00a0kintorei<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We integrate operative temperatures with observed body temperatures to construct daily activity budgets, including the inference of subterranean behaviour. We then assess the likelihood that contemporary and future local extinctions in this species, and those of similar burrowing habits, could be explained by the direct effects of warming on its activity budget and exposure to thermal extremes.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We found that\n                          <jats:italic>L.\u00a0kintorei<\/jats:italic>\n                          spent only 4% of its time active on the surface, primarily at dusk, and that overall potential surface activity will be increased, not restricted, with climate warming. The burrow system provides an exceptional buffer to current and future maximum extremes of temperature (\u224840\u00b0C reduction from potential surface temperatures), and desiccation (burrows near 100% humidity). Therefore, any climate warming impacts on this species are likely to be indirect.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Our findings reflect the general buffering capacity of underground microclimates, therefore, our conclusions for\n                          <jats:italic>L.\u00a0kintorei<\/jats:italic>\n                          are more generally applicable to nocturnal and crepuscular ectotherms, and highlight the need to consider the buffering properties of retreat sites and activity phase when forecasting climate change impacts.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:36:38Z","timestamp":1518654998000},"page":"660-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Under the weather?\u2014The direct effects of climate warming on a threatened desert lizard are mediated by their activity phase and burrow system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danae","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University  North Ryde New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Australian Wildlife Conservancy Newhaven Wildlife Sanctuary  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Stow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University  North Ryde New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3349-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Ray","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Termites of Northern Australia","author":"Andersen A. 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