{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:17:53Z","timestamp":1790846273489,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Contact heterogeneity among hosts determines invasion and spreading dynamics of infectious disease, thus its characterization is essential for identifying effective disease control strategies. Yet, little is known about the factors shaping contact networks in many wildlife species and how wildlife management actions might affect contact networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Wild pigs in North America are an invasive, socially structured species that pose a health concern for domestic swine given their ability to transmit numerous devastating diseases such as African swine fever (ASF). Using proximity loggers and GPS data from 48 wild pigs in Florida and South Carolina, USA, we employed a probabilistic framework to estimate weighted contact networks. We determined the effects of sex, social group and spatial distribution (monthly home\u2010range overlap and distance) on wild pig contact. We also estimated the impacts of management\u2010induced perturbations on contact and inferred their effects on ASF establishment in wild pigs with simulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Social group membership was the primary factor influencing contacts. Between\u2010group contacts depended primarily on space use characteristics, with fewer contacts among groups separated by &gt;2\u00a0km and no contacts among groups &gt;4\u00a0km apart within a month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Modelling ASF dynamics on the contact network demonstrated that indirect contacts resulting from baiting (a typical method of attracting wild pigs or game species to a site to enhance recreational hunting) increased the risk of disease establishment by ~33% relative to direct contact. Low\u2010intensity population reduction (&lt;5.9% of the population) had no detectable impact on contact structure but reduced predicted ASF establishment risk relative to no population reduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We demonstrate an approach for understanding the relative role of spatial, social and individual\u2010level characteristics in shaping contact networks and predicting their effects on disease establishment risk, thus providing insight for optimizing disease control in spatially and socially structured wildlife species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T12:23:31Z","timestamp":1608380611000},"page":"820-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Effects of social structure and management on risk of disease 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Range Cattle Research and Education Center University of Florida Ona FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Chinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Aiken SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8274-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Q.","family":"Wilber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3892-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan 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