{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:07:00Z","timestamp":1792008420388,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Climate change is altering distributions and abundances of marine species through both gradual and acute changes in temperature and productivity. Due to their high mobility and metabolic rates, elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are likely to redistribute across latitudes and depths as they thermoregulate, but little is known about their responses to these climatic changes, which could vary widely across this diverse group of species.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Here, we assessed how species with differing mobility and ecology responded to gradual changes in daily sea surface temperature (SST) and acute temperature anomalies, caused by the El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation (ENSO), at Cocos Island, Costa Rica, the site of multiple marine heatwaves.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We used generalized linear mixed models to analyse 34,342 records of relative abundance or frequency of occurrence for seven shark and ray species collected in 27\u00a0years (1993\u20132019) by a dive company. We compared effect sizes for SST and the Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index across the different species, which vary widely in body size and mobility.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Large, mobile species responded strongly but inconsistently to temperature. For scalloped hammerhead sharks\n                          <jats:italic>Sphyrna lewini<\/jats:italic>\n                          , a 1\u2103 rise in SST reduced counts by over 14%, and dropped the occurrence of their large schools by almost one\u2010fifth (19.4%).\n                          <jats:italic>Mobula<\/jats:italic>\n                          ray occurrence also declined substantially with a few degrees rise in SST, whereas tiger shark\n                          <jats:italic>Galeocerdo cuvier<\/jats:italic>\n                          occurrence sharply increased. These species also had divergent responses to the ENSO:\n                          <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                          <jats:italic>lewini<\/jats:italic>\n                          and\n                          <jats:italic>G. cuvier<\/jats:italic>\n                          were sighted with greater frequency during La Ni\u00f1a events, and their abundance dropped considerably during El Ni\u00f1o events\u2014over a twofold decline between a strong La Ni\u00f1a and strong El Ni\u00f1o for\n                          <jats:italic>S. lewini<\/jats:italic>\n                          . In contrast,\n                          <jats:italic>Mobula<\/jats:italic>\n                          rays showed little response to ENSO. The smaller and sedentary\n                          <jats:italic>Triaenodon obesus<\/jats:italic>\n                          exhibited the weakest response of all species to both SST and the ENSO, reflecting its lower metabolic rates and mobility.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Climate change will continue to impact elasmobranchs, even for smaller and more localized species, with the potential to impact the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs). Our results compel further work on the diversity of elasmobranch responses to environmental change.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T07:35:18Z","timestamp":1624088118000},"page":"2547-2559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Effects of climate\u2010change\u2010driven gradual and acute temperature changes on shark and ray species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8355-1267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey J.","family":"Osgood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Easton R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA"},{"name":"Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont Burlington VT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9827-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia K.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-014-0296-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1996.tb00224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15517\/rbt.v60i1.2657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15517\/rbt.v68iS1.41190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-014-0294-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2009.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b11867-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-019-04421-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0149-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1029","volume-title":"Climate Change 2013 \u2013 The physical science basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Collins M.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2012.03264.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-012-1249-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2013.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-006-9016-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116916"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"The shallow\u2010water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: Structure and patterns in an isolated, predator\u2010dominated ecosystem","volume":"60","author":"Friedlander A. 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