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(2021) used amplicon sequencing to characterise the gut microbiota of four species of rodent (<jats:italic>Myodes glareolus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Apodemus agrarius<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. flavicollis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. sylvaticus<\/jats:italic>) inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) to examine possible changes in gut bacteria (microbiota) and gut fungi (mycobiota) associated with exposure to radionuclides and whether the sample type (from caecum or faeces) affected the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The conclusions derived from the analyses of gut mycobiota are based on data that represent a mixture of ingested fungi (e.g. edible macrofungi, polypores, lichens and ectomycorrhizae) and gut mycobiota (e.g. microfungi and yeasts), which mask the patterns of inter\u2010 and intraspecific variation in the authentic gut mycobiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Implying that \u2018faecal samples are not an accurate indicator of gut composition\u2019 creates an unnecessary controversy about faecal sampling because the comparison of samples from the caecum and faeces confounds many other possible drivers (including different animals from different locations, sampled in different years) of variation in gut microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It is relevant also that Antwis et al.'s (2021) data lack statistical power to detect an effect of exposure to radionuclides on the gut microbiota because (1) all of their samples of <jats:italic>Apodemus<\/jats:italic> mice had experienced a medium or high total absorbed dose rate and (2) they did not collect samples of bank voles (<jats:italic>M. glareolus<\/jats:italic>) from replicate contaminated and uncontaminated locations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Discussion of Antwis et al.'s (2021) analysis, especially the claims presented in the Abstract, is important to prevent controversy about the outcome of research on the biological impacts of wildlife inhabiting the CEZ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T07:09:01Z","timestamp":1655104141000},"page":"1535-1545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Interpretation of gut microbiota data in the \u2018eye of the beholder\u2019: A commentary and re\u2010evaluation of data from \u2018Impacts of radiation exposure on the bacterial and fungal microbiome of small mammals in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7755-187X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip C.","family":"Watts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 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