{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:07:58Z","timestamp":1789790878582,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2314625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2314625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Hosts and parasites are embedded in communities where species richness and composition can influence disease outcomes (diversity\u2013disease relationships). The direction and magnitude of diversity\u2013disease relationships are influenced by variation in competence (ability to support and transmit infections) of hosts in a community. However, host susceptibility to parasites, which mediates host competence, is not static and is influenced by environmental factors, including pollutants. Despite the role that pollutants can play in augmenting host susceptibility, how pollutants influence diversity\u2013disease dynamics is not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Using an amphibian\u2013trematode model, we tested how NaCl influences diversity\u2013disease dynamics. We predicted that NaCl exposure can alter relative susceptibility of host species to trematodes, leading to cascading effects on the diversity\u2013disease relationship. To test these predictions, we exposed hosts to benign or NaCl environments and generated communities that differed in number and composition of host species. We exposed these communities to trematodes and measured disease outcomes at the community (total infections across all hosts within a community) and species levels (average number of infections per host species within a community).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Host species differed in their relative susceptibility to trematodes when exposed to NaCl. Consequently, at the community level (total infections across all hosts within a community), we only detected diversity\u2013disease relationships (dilution effects) in communities where hosts were exposed to NaCl. At the species level, disease outcomes (average number of infections\/species) and whether multi\u2010species communities supported lower number of infections relative to single\u2010species communities depended on community composition. Notably, however, as with overall community infection, diversity\u2013disease relationships only emerged when hosts were exposed to NaCl.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>Synthesis.<\/jats:italic> Pollutants are ubiquitous in nature and can influence disease dynamics across a number of host\u2013parasite systems. Here, we show that NaCl exposure can alter the relative susceptibility of host species to parasites, influencing the relationship between biodiversity and disease at both community and species levels. Collectively, our study contributes to the limited knowledge surrounding environmental mediators of host susceptibility and their influence on diversity\u2013disease dynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T21:28:58Z","timestamp":1692566938000},"page":"2151-2162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Host exposure to a common pollutant can influence diversity\u2013disease relationships"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4801-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Buss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University (SUNY)  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9553-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University (SUNY)  Binghamton New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Holm's sequential Bonferroni procedure","volume":"1","author":"Abdi H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Research Design"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-397R"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294361"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.01.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buss N. &Hua J.(2023).Data from: Host exposure to a common pollutant can influence diversity\u2013disease relationships.Open Repository at MINDS @UW https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21231\/PDZF\u2010Q912","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115244"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-017-3403-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.17028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Experimental evidence that the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal disease of amphibians","volume":"14","author":"Daszak P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Herpetological Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.25108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620211114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"The effects of road salts on aquatic ecosystems","author":"Evans M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"Advances in trematode biology","author":"Fried B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"The biology of echinostomes: From the molecule to the community","author":"Fried B.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.1090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.05.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification","volume":"16","author":"Gosner K. 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