{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T19:09:59Z","timestamp":1775329799821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008344","name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008344","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Natural experiments where populations of large predators have recovered following management initiatives offer insights into the potential for these animals to structure communities via consumptive and nonconsumptive effects on their prey. Ashmore Reef, a coral reef off the coast of Western Australia, provides such an opportunity. Here, reef shark populations have increased significantly since the enforcement of a no\u2010take MPA in 2008. This change has been accompanied by an increase in the abundance of medium and large mesopredatory teleosts, but a decline in small mesopredatory teleosts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We explored whether these changes in abundance were accompanied by changes in anti\u2010predator (nonconsumptive) behaviours of mesopredators due to an increase in both acute and chronic risks of predation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We analysed videos from Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS) collected prior to the enforcement of no\u2010take status in 2004 and after enforcement and shark recovery in 2016 to quantify any changes in anti\u2010predator behaviours of small (&lt;50\u2009cm TL), medium (50\u2013100\u2009cm TL) and large (&gt;100\u2009cm TL) size classes of teleost mesopredators. Comparisons of the effect of chronic and acute risk on the total time teleosts spent in the BRUVS videos, proportional time spent on activities associated with various risks, and foraging intensity were made both within years (acute risk: in videos where sharks were absent compared to present) and between years (chronic risk: 2004 and 2016).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our results indicate that both small\u2010 and medium\u2010sized mesopredatory fishes exhibit behaviours indicative of risk\u2010induced trait responses (anti\u2010predator behaviours) in the presence of reef sharks and that these seem to occur as a joint response to the interaction of acute and chronic risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our study suggests that the decline of small mesopredatory fishes following the recovery of reef sharks could be due to both the consumptive and nonconsumptive impacts of sharks as predators in this system. These results show that both chronic and acute risks seem to play significant roles in shaping behaviours of mesopredators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T04:19:19Z","timestamp":1744085959000},"page":"919-931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recovery of reef shark populations invokes anti\u2010predator behaviours in mesopredatory reef fishes on a coral reef"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2083-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Storm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3067-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Meekan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceans Institute University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9547-6487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Eich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSL Research University: EPHE\u2010UPVD\u2010CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE  Moorea French Polynesia"},{"name":"Institut de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et Des Syst\u00e8mes (IBIS) Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3186-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conrad W.","family":"Speed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun S.","family":"Killen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2207-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily K.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v111.i09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33415-5","article-title":"Behaviour of mesopredatory coral reef fishes in response to threats from sharks and humans","volume":"13","author":"Asunsolo\u2010Rivera A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/2006-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-019-09588-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2007.00729.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1056466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Marine faunal surveys of Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island north\u2010western Australia","author":"Berry P.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyy115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island Commonwealth Marine Reserves\u2014Information for visitors","author":"Branch C. 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Killen S. &Lester E.(2025).Data from: Recovery of reef shark populations invokes anti\u2010predator behaviours in mesopredatory reef fishes on a coral reef.Dryad Digital Repository https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.x95x69pvx","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.70024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2024.106442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/3.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/826234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210908","article-title":"Perceived predation risk reduces the number of offspring songbirds produce per year","volume":"334","author":"Zanette L. 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