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To mitigate impacts, it is necessary to develop a detailed mechanistic understanding of how animals are affected by different types of human activity. A key challenge is to disentangle the effects of static infrastructure, like roads or buildings, and the presence of humans in the landscape.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>To address this question, we examined if terrestrial mammals altered their movement behaviour around buildings in response to reduced human mobility during COVID\u201019 lockdowns. We compiled GPS tracking data from 35 study sites across five continents, for 10 carnivore species and 13\u2009herbivore species, totalling &gt;1\u2009million location records from 586 individuals. For each study, we used integrated step selection analysis to test the extent to which animals changed their avoidance of buildings as lockdown took effect, leveraging the recently released Microsoft MLBuildings dataset of global building locations.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Analysis of population\u2010level effects revealed that, in areas with high Human Footprint Index (HFI), animals tended to show a significant reduction in their avoidance of buildings during lockdown, but not in low HFI areas. No such trend was detected during equivalent periods in years other than 2020, indicating that behavioural changes were a result of reduced human mobility during lockdowns.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Overall, our findings suggest that animals living alongside humans exhibit greater plasticity when people change their behaviour, likely indicating the combined effects of environmental filtering and habituation. More generally, our study provides a critical first step towards developing evidence\u2010based tools for forecasting how wildlife movement behaviour may change in response to different land\u2010use strategies, human activities, conservation interventions or environmental perturbations.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.70298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:39:50Z","timestamp":1782923990000},"page":"1504-1517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding mammal avoidance of human settlements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8564-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Potts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8763-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"B\u00f6rger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences &amp; Centre for Biomathematics Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7535-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlee A.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9004-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Ossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Ecology Unit Research and Innovation Center (CRI), Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4717-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott W.","family":"Yanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4766-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Ellis\u2010Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California  Berkeley California USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9305-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (SBiK\u2010F)  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3642-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth Y.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6742-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario H.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"},{"name":"Instituto de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de Animais Silvestres (ICAS)  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-5685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Attias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de Animais Silvestres (ICAS)  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6799-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Bastille\u2010Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Wildlife Sustainability Research, Southern Illinois University  Carbondale Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrold L.","family":"Belant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3208-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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