{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:41:01Z","timestamp":1792600861189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006363","name":"National Geographic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019774","name":"Belmont Forum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004796","name":"Institut Polaire Fran\u00e7ais Paul Emile Victor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Long\u2010term ecological studies testing global change impacts are rare yet essential in the Arctic, a region warming nearly four times faster than the global average. These rapid environmental changes reshape ecosystem functioning across the pan\u2010Arctic and affect the livelihoods of local communities.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Seabirds are widely recognised indicators of environmental change. Identifying species\u2010specific critical constraints is therefore essential for detecting early warning signals of population decline and ecosystem reorganisation. Little auks (\n                          <jats:italic>Alle alle<\/jats:italic>\n                          ), the most abundant Arctic seabirds, are key ecosystem engineers shaping coastal environments through for example food\u2010web interactions and guano deposition.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We present a 20\u2010year study (2005\u20132024) of an East Greenland little auk population, combining long\u2010term demographic monitoring with behavioural, physiological and ecotoxicological data. We quantified fitness\u2010related traits (adult body condition, overwinter survival and chick growth) alongside potential constraints, including parental foraging effort, trophic ecology, winter distribution, and mercury contamination in adults, eggs and chicks.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Over the study period, climate\u2010driven ocean warming, sea\u2010ice decline, altered zooplankton communities, and increasing mercury exposure reshaped environmental conditions. Faced with these changes, little auks exhibited marked behavioural and dietary plasticity, allowing them to maintain relatively stable fitness metrics in most years.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>However, sustained monitoring revealed key constraints that undermine this apparent resilience: (a) Elevated mercury burdens may reduce aerobic diving capacity and thermal tolerance in adults and were associated with reduced reproductive performance. (b) Chick growth was strongly impaired during years with increased summer storm activity, which disrupted adult foraging trips and provisioning rates. Winter storms are also likely to negatively affect adult overwinter survival.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Together, these findings show that little auks can partially buffer rapid Arctic change through behavioural flexibility, but multiple interacting climatic and contaminant stressors impose increasing, possibly cumulative constraints on performance. Identifying such critical constraints is crucial for understanding the limits of resilience in wild populations and for improving predictions of ecosystem responses to ongoing climate change.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:01:20Z","timestamp":1792382480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Critical constraints to ecological buffering in a rapidly changing Arctic: A long\u2010term seabird study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gr\u00e9millet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD  Montpellier France"},{"name":"FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI\u2010NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Am\u00e9lineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosyst\u00e8mes, biodiversit\u00e9, \u00e9volution) \u2013 UMR 6553  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M. A.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auk Ecological Consulting  Cordova Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0860-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Fort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Littoral, Environnement et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS \u2010 La Rochelle Universit\u00e9  La Rochelle France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142201"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2315513121"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bridging Indigenous and science\u2010based knowledge in coastal and marine research, monitoring, and management in Canada","volume":"8","author":"Alexander S. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Evidence"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"134","volume-title":"POPs and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern: Influence of climate change","author":"AMAP","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157764"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38042-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620190622"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01404-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aafc1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Br\u00e5then V. S. Moe B. Am\u00e9lineau F. Ekker M. Fauchald P. Helgason H. H. Johansen M. K. Merkel B. Tarroux A. \u00c5str\u00f6m J. &\u00c5str\u00f6m H.(2021).An automated procedure (v2. 0) to obtain positions from light\u2010level geolocators in large\u2010scale tracking of seabirds. A method description for the SEATRACK project."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-023-01985-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b97397"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156944"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2018.00092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2017.0588"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2009.05968.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78151-8_39"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2023.119678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54228-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.06.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14287"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jeb\/voaf012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22541\/authorea.15003230\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12824"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-00913-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.12.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3485"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.878746"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"The prudent parent: Energetic adjustments in avian breeding 1","volume":"55","author":"Drent R.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ardea"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000802512267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08721"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2010.0082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.12.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.032300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es504045g"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","volume-title":"Social behaviour","author":"Gaston A. J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4000\/16819","volume-title":"Fumiers, bouses et guano: ordures ou or brun? Statut, usage et gestion des d\u00e9jections animales depuis la Pr\u00e9histoire: potentiel arch\u00e9ologique et pal\u00e9oenvironnemental","author":"Gauthier E.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2003.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.2572"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2023.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09590"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.14630"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.4034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c08893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300\u2010009\u20100581\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac1a36"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JC014273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2021.709896"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1161912"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-023-00515-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1675\/1524-4695(2007)030[0092:PTSODB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-010-0856-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201016589\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152167"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71823-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biac021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44358-025-00099-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Population size of the little auk Alle alle in East Greenland","volume":"81","author":"Kampp K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08749"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967\u20100645(02)00181\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212668"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2010.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abk2793"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.14227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01342-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","volume-title":"Long\u2010term studies in ecology","author":"Likens G. E.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.13004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin T. Fort J. Grunst A. S. Grunst M. L. Am\u00e9lineau F. Harding A. M. Perret S. Ardhuin F. &Gr\u00e9millet D.(2026).Coastal winds are stronger and impact seabird behaviour and fitness in a warming Arctic.bioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology. 2025\u201311.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.19.689241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsae198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018EF001088"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12795"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155803"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300\u2010011\u20101064\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-23-0399.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-022-00498-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f2012-117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-013-1379-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2021.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.243252"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Alle alle Little Auk","volume":"3","author":"Stempniewicz L.","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of the Birds of the Western Palearctic. BWP (Birds of the Western Palearctic) Update"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2021.102549"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c07633"},{"issue":"2029","key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","article-title":"Food chain without giants: Modelling the trophic impact of bowhead whaling on little auk populations in the Atlantic Arctic","volume":"291","author":"Thepault A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings. Biological Ssciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-025-02441-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13944"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Checklist of the avian diversity of Alaska: Subspecies, breeding status, and taxonomy","volume":"1","author":"Withrow J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Ornithologists Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/auk.2012.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-021-02981-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/esd-15-41-2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-01003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2017.10.017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1365-2656.70358","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1365-2656.70358","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1365-2656.70358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:55:56Z","timestamp":1792598156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1365-2656.70358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1365-2656.70358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2656.70358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8790","1365-2656"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8790","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2656","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1365-2656.70358"}}