{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:38:41Z","timestamp":1768001921971,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001077","name":"Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aus Occup Therapy J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activity pacing is one of the most widely endorsed interventions used by occupational therapists to assist clients to manage chronic pain conditions. It targets two behaviours that are thought to be maladaptive: activity avoidance and overactivity (activity engagement that severely aggravates pain). However, in more recent years, the potential for activity pacing to negatively impact activity participation has been recognised which deters habitually overactive individuals from adopting the self\u2010management strategy. The main aim of this study was to evaluate if variances in activity participation can be explained by how individuals approach activity engagement when in pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010eight adults with chronic pain completed a demographic questionnaire, the Pain and Activity Relations Questionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARQ<\/jats:styled-content>), and recorded their participation in activities for five days using a paper diary. Two of the authors independently coded the recorded activities into one of three time\u2010use categories: rest, productivity or leisure\/social. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MANCOVA<\/jats:styled-content> model was produced to examine differences in time use across four \u2018approach to activity engagement\u2019 categories which were determined by scores on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARQ<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant multivariate effect was found. Univariate comparisons revealed that \u2018overactives\u2019 (high overactivity, low avoidance) and \u2018pacers\u2019 (low overactivity, low avoidance) spent a similar amount of time resting over the five\u2010day period. \u2018Overactives\u2019 spent the most amount of time on productive tasks and the least amount of time on social\/leisure activities out of the four subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that activity pacing does not negatively impact on activity participation in chronic pain populations. \u2018Pacers\u2019 spent a similar amount of time resting, and had a slightly better balance between productive tasks and leisure\/social activities, when compared to \u2018overactives\u2019. The results of this study can be incorporated into patient education and highlight potential treatment avenues for individuals with chronic pain who are habitually overactive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T09:18:58Z","timestamp":1536052738000},"page":"575-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Approach to activity engagement and differences in activity participation in chronic pain: A five\u2010day observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7739-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Herston Queensland Australia"},{"name":"The Professor Tess Cramond Multidisciplinary Pain Centre The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Meredith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace S.","family":"Branjerdporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030802260406701005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Social research methods","author":"Bryman A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Explain pain","author":"Butler D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31825e452f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"The power of the positive: Leisure and well\u2010being","volume":"38","author":"Carruthers C. 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