{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:06:58Z","timestamp":1789542418602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008133","name":"Dudley Allen Sargent Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aus Occup Therapy J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participation in community\u2010based recreation and leisure activities may afford valuable opportunities to young people with cognitive disabilities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) to develop important self\u2010determination skills needed for success in adulthood. To evaluate whether these programmes are achieving their intended impact, it is important to have a tool that captures the perspective of the participants using an accessible method. This article describes the content development and evaluation of accessibility and feasibility of the Participatory Experience Survey (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participant observation and focus group sessions were conducted in conjunction with a summer youth programme hosted by a special education advocacy organisation. Photos were used to guide identification of factors influencing both negative and positive experiences. Findings informed question content. Three groups of stakeholders, parents of youth with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> (Group 1), service providers (Group 2), and experts in cognitive disability and\/or programme planning (Group 3) reviewed the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content> to provide feedback on the relevance and accessibility of the measure. After stakeholder feedback was incorporated, cognitive interviewing was conducted with young people with CD to assess instrument accessibility and appropriateness for use in context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Youth described their participation in three categories: personal, social and environmental. Stakeholder Groups 1 and 2 identified 15 questions as needing revisions. Seven additional questions were added based on suggestions from stakeholder Group 3. Cognitive interviewing led to revision of 13 questions and removal of 16 questions due to issues related to vocabulary, item meaning, response bias, repetitiveness and length.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content> has the potential to offer programmes a means to more fully include young people with disabilities in programme evaluations, leading to better\u2010structured, more supportive programmes. Additional validity and feasibility work is needed to confirm these initial findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T06:46:50Z","timestamp":1549954010000},"page":"490-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Content development, accessibility and feasibility of a self\u2010report tool for use in programmes serving youth with cognitive disabilities: The Participatory Experience Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0618-2506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra","family":"Liljenquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching and Learning Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Coster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Qualitative research methods for the social sciences","author":"Berg B. 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