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In a rural Regional County Municipality in Quebec (Canada), four social participation initiatives were selected and implemented: (1) Benevolent Community, (2) urban transportation system, (3) creation of a website on social participation activities, and (4) social participation workshop. Little is known about contextual factors such as the structures and organisations, stakeholders, and physical environment that influence the development and implementation of such initiatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Led by an academic occupational therapist, an action research to implement social participation initiatives was initiated by community stakeholders. The 26 stakeholders were involved in a Management and Partnership Committee, two focus groups and an interview with a trainer, which documented and analysed contextual factors and the implementation process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Development and implementation were facilitated by stakeholder collaboration, mission of the community organisations, and stakeholders' shared desire to reduce older adults' isolation and vulnerability. The established partnerships and predefined orientations as well as the leadership, motivation, and professional skills of the stakeholders also fostered the initiatives. Among the challenges encountered, the stakeholders' limited involvement in implementation tasks was attributable to important changes in the key stakeholders' organisations and structures and the number of organisations involved. Difficulty reaching a consensus resulting from the different attitudes, vision, and understanding of the stakeholders delayed the development and implementation of some initiatives. Despite regular meetings between stakeholders, geographic distance limited spontaneous exchanges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This action research highlighted the importance of collaboration and contextual factors in developing and implementing social participation initiatives with community organisations and municipalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T07:26:25Z","timestamp":1627025185000},"page":"504-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Importance of collaboration and contextual factors in the development and implementation of social participation initiatives for older adults living in rural areas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5914-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Levasseur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Research Centre on Aging Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de l'Estrie \u2013 Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSS de l'Estrie \u2013 CHUS)  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Routhier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre on Aging Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de l'Estrie \u2013 Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSS de l'Estrie \u2013 CHUS)  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre on Aging Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de l'Estrie \u2013 Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSS de l'Estrie \u2013 CHUS)  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Lacerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Research Centre on Aging Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de l'Estrie \u2013 Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSS de l'Estrie \u2013 CHUS)  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Clapperton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Direction CIUSSS de l'Estrie \u2013 CHUS  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Dor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"},{"name":"University Institute for Primary Health Care and Social Services CIUSSS de l'Estrie \u2013 CHUS  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHUS Research Centre CIUSSS de l'Estrie \u2013 CHUS  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.028662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00065-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnp049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/011352ar"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Cadre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence int\u00e9gr\u00e9 pour la pr\u00e9vention et la gestion des maladies chroniques en Estrie. 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