{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T21:09:35Z","timestamp":1770239375284,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aus Occup Therapy J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigate the construct validity, test re\u2010test reliability, and responsiveness of the Wrist Position Sense Test (WPST) for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight children with spastic hemiplegic CP [mean age 10.8\u2009years; SD 2.4\u2009years] and 39 typically developing (TD) children [mean age 11\u2009years; SD 2.9\u2009years] participated in a cross\u2010sectional study to investigate construct validity and association with an upper limb activity measure, the Box and Block Test (BBT). Twenty\u2010two TD children were tested at a second time\u2010point to examine reliability. Test responsiveness was determined by random allocation of 17 children with CP to a treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) or control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) group with assessments completed at four time\u2010points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly greater differences were observed in mean error of indicated wrist position (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) in children with CP at baseline (M\u2009=\u200921.6\u00b0, SD\u2009=\u200921.6\u00b0) than in TD children (M\u2009=\u200912.8\u00b0, SD\u2009=\u200911.0\u00b0). Larger WPST errors were associated with poorer performance on the BBT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) indicating a substantial association, and there were no consistent differences between time\u2010points indicating test re\u2010test reliability within a TD population. The WPST demonstrated responsiveness to intervention with a statistically significant reduction in mean error following treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), not seen in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.28).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The WPST demonstrated construct validity in this preliminary study. Scores were associated with an upper limb activity measure, and scores changed significantly following somatosensory training. These findings support further research and future psychometric investigation of the WPST in children with CP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Points for Occupational Therapy<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study provides psychometric knowledge about the WPST tool<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The WPST shows promise as a discriminative measure with preliminary evidence of responsiveness and intra\u2010rater reliability<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Until further testing, the WPST can be used cautiously in future research studies to measure wrist position sense<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T04:13:27Z","timestamp":1656562407000},"page":"637-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Wrist Position Sense Test for use in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5057-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Kids Rehab Western Australia Child and Adolescent Health Service  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Kids Rehab Western Australia Child and Adolescent Health Service  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Kids Rehab Western Australia Child and Adolescent Health Service  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torbjorn","family":"Falkmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leeanne M.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Recovery The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Recovery The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Girdler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet &amp; Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01000139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Carey L.(1993).Tactile and proprioceptive discrimination loss after stroke: Training effects and quantitative measurement. 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