{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:17:37Z","timestamp":1785323857299,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aus Occup Therapy J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) received a home\u2010based training program using video coaching for parents. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral training on the use of the affected arm and hand during bimanual activities and to explore factors that affect treatment response. Secondary, we evaluated whether effects were retained after an 8\u2010week break, and if data were available, we explored the effects of a second uni\u2010 or bimanual training block. Furthermore, adherence was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Explorative retrospective clinical study evaluating the effectiveness of the first 8\u2010week training block on the (Mini\u2010) Assisting Hand Assessment ((Mini\u2010) AHA) unit score in 81 children aged 8\u201336\u2009months. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention (T0\u2013T1) and 8\u2010week follow\u2010up measurements (T2) were evaluated, and factors influencing treatment response were explored, using linear mixed models (LMM). Additionally, effects of a second training block were explored in 31 of the original 81 children, contingent upon data availability, with T3\u2013T4 measurements included. Adherence, measured as percentage of treatment duration, was explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mini\u2010AHA and AHA unit scores significantly improved between T0 and T1, but did not change between T1 and T2. In children aged 18\u2009months and older, baseline AHA scores were related to change scores. In children aged &lt;18\u2009months, no predictors of treatment response were identified. LMM showed significant improvement between T1\u2013T3 and T1\u2013T4 in Mini\u2010AHA scores in children with a second training block. Adherence rates were 85% in the first and 81% in the second block.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that upper limb training using video coaching can improve hand use in infants and toddlers with unilateral CP, with retained effects after an 8\u2010week break and further enhancement following a second training block. Individual results differed, and controlled studies are needed to strengthen the evidence. High adherence rates suggest the program's feasibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Consumer and Community Involvement Statement<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no direct consumer and community involvement in the study design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebral palsy is caused by a brain injury around birth and is the most common physical disability in children, affecting their movement. Children with one side of the body affected often use that side less, making daily activities harder. Training the affected arm in the first 2\u2009years of life is important because the brain is still very adaptable. In our study, we evaluated a home\u2010based training program for young children with cerebral palsy, with blocks of 8\u2009weeks of therapy using video coaching for parents. We looked at how well the first training block improved the use of the affected arm and hand. We also looked at whether the effects lasted after an 8\u2010week break and whether a second training block further improved hand use. Lastly, we looked at how well families continued to train. We found an improvement of the use of the affected hand after the first training block. Children older than 18\u2009months with poorer hand use at the start made more progress, while especially children younger than 18\u2009months demonstrated further improvement after the second training block. Most parents and children were able to continue the training program using video coaching. Early upper limb home\u2010based training with video coaching can help young children with cerebral palsy to improve the use of their affected arm and hand. Video coaching seems effective to motivate parents to continue with the program. Individual results varied. There is a need for larger studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:32:52Z","timestamp":1743035572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Upper limb training for young children with unilateral cerebral palsy using video coaching: An explorative retrospective clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3983-4769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke P. M.","family":"Verhaegh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation Sint Maartenskliniek  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"IQ Healthcare, Research Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Teerenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence, Section Biostatistics, Research Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria W. G.","family":"Nijhuis\u2010van der Sanden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQ Healthcare, Research Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline B. M.","family":"Aarts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Sint Maartenskliniek  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8l A. A. 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