{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:49:01Z","timestamp":1782272941978,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aus Occup Therapy J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childbirth trauma affects a significant number of women and their families worldwide, with a broad range of prevalence estimations in Australia from 28% to 45%. Birth trauma has been found to influence the early mother\u2013infant relationship. The role of occupational therapy within the perinatal context is emerging, although evidence of occupation\u2010based interventions for women following birth trauma is sparse. This study aimed to (1) synthesise the literature on non\u2010pharmacological interventions that address both childbirth\u2010related trauma symptoms and the mother\u2013infant relationship and (2) summarise the reported efficacy of the interventions on reducing trauma symptoms and improving the mother\u2013infant relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six databases were searched in December 2024. The search retrieved 1532 results, and after duplicate removal, 1476 articles were retrieved, and ultimately six articles were included. The quality of the included studies was appraised for methodological quality according to the Cochrane handbook for assessing risk of bias. Data were extracted in January 2025 and included information on study locations, design, participants, time between childbirth and recruitment, intervention and outcomes, key findings, and limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Consumer and Community Involvement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review involved no consumer or community involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six studies met inclusion criteria. None of the retrieved studies trialled occupation\u2010based interventions. Psychology and midwifery were the most represented groups in the intervention design and delivery. A range of outcome measures and timepoints were used. Both mother\u2013infant bonding and trauma symptoms improved over time across the intervention and control groups. Evidence was limited to support any specific intervention for trauma symptoms or mother\u2013infant bonding following birth trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birth trauma is an emerging field of research. From an occupational therapy perspective, there is a scarcity of evidence on interventions that are designed around occupational participation or mother\u2013infant co\u2010occupation. Further research into occupation\u2010based support for women after birth trauma is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:21:41Z","timestamp":1779186101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A systematic review of nonpharmacological interventions to improve trauma symptoms and mother\u2013infant bonding for women who experience birth trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1920-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorcha","family":"Odgers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy Department, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University  Frankston VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9064-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Bourke\u2010Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy Department, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University  Frankston VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy Department, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University  Frankston VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5814-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anoo","family":"Bhopti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy Department, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University  Frankston VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3234-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana","family":"Tirlea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Health and Exercise Sciences Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709992224"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_8_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2021.1993388"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J189v05n01_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000565"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000963"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","unstructured":"Birth Trauma Association.2025What is birth trauma?https:\/\/www.birthtraumaassociation.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","unstructured":"Birth Trauma Australia.2025Psychological Birth Traumahttps:\/\/birthtrauma.org.au\/psychological-birth-trauma\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.170021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0132-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/J003v04n02_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2023.2264877"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Cara and MacRae's psychosocial occupational therapy","author":"Cara E.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1699088"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","volume-title":"Occupational therapy: Performance, participation, and well\u2010being","author":"Christiansen C. H.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839808404558"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Enhancing women's wellbeing during matrescence, motherhood, and perinatal transitions: An evidence\u2010based guide for occupational therapists","author":"Coxton M.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2010.3.2.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4322\/2526-8910.ctoAO1927"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2020.1788210"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17432979.2015.1063547"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2059204317745746"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2018.028126"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/11038128.2012.754492"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2016.24.4.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14427591.2005.9686561"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071582"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1620_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2017.1398230"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-385"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2023.2229010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1929023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pmu0000192"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000841749806500204"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanogw.2025.100017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10615-021-00816-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449401000217"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","unstructured":"Legislative Council. Select Committee on Birth Trauma.2024.Birth trauma (1). New South Wales. Parliament."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12634"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23068"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","unstructured":"Marinucci A. M.2023.Assisting mothers in the transition into motherhood[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of North Dakota.https:\/\/commons.und.edu\/ot-grad\/579"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","first-page":"412","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Marmar C. R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00324"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOT-10-2019-0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315748931-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0829-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12921"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07380577.2025.2465968"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2024.1398042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","volume-title":"Essentials of compassion focused therapy: A practice manual for clinicians","author":"Petrocchi N.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14427591.2009.9686656"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Enhancing women's wellbeing during matrescence, motherhood, and perinatal transitions","author":"Podvey M.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024714903950"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","unstructured":"RollisonL.2015The impact of a difficult birth on mothering over time. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] University of British Colombia"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17454832.2021.1910719"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102748"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16163"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003397724-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12225"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308022616638675"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0164212X.2025.2554844"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1065612"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-005-0074-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2020.1760167"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"An occupational therapist in perinatal mental health","volume":"71","author":"Templeton S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-6-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2004.04006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06570-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2526-8910.ctoAO268935042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2236021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Blake D. D. Schnurr P. P. Kaloupek D. G. Marx B. P. &Keane T. M.2013.The Clinician\u2010Administered PTSD Scale for DSM\u20105 (CAPS\u20105). [Assessment]Available fromwww.ptsd.va.gov"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-014-9191-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Litz B. T. Keane T. M. Palmieri P. A. Marx B. P. &Schnurr P. P.2013.The PTSD Checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD atwww.ptsd.va.gov"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-70990-1_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Weiss D. S.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14427591.2011.634762"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","volume-title":"An occupational perspective of health","author":"Wilcock A. A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","unstructured":"World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). (2025).Updated definition of occupational therapy. WFOT.https:\/\/wfot.org\/news\/2025\/updated\u2010definition\u2010of\u2010occupational\u2010therapy"}],"container-title":["Australian Occupational Therapy Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1440-1630.70095","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1440-1630.70095","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1440-1630.70095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:31:15Z","timestamp":1782271875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1440-1630.70095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1440-1630.70095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1630.70095","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-0766","1440-1630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-0766","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70095"}}