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Similarly, the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>) continues to increase, with significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, an increasing number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> patients survive to develop <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> and end\u2010stage renal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p> Although the mechanisms for the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> and progression to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> remain poorly understood, initial impairment of oxygen balance likely constitutes a common pathway, causing renal tissue hypoxia and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content> starvation that, in turn, induce extracellular matrix production, collagen deposition and fibrosis. Thus, possible future strategies for one or both conditions may involve dopamine, loop diuretics, atrial natriuretic peptide and inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase, substances that target kidney oxygen consumption and regulators of renal oxygenation, such as nitric oxide and heme oxygenase\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T13:12:12Z","timestamp":1354194732000},"page":"138-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Renal oxygenation and haemodynamics in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Prabhleen","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology\u2013Hypertension VA San Diego Healthcare System University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"O'Brien Kidney Centre for Acute Kidney Injury San Diego, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven\u2010Erik","family":"Ricksten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Bragadottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Redfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Nordquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Physiology Department of Medical Cell Biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000079042.13465.1A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"Renal dysfunction according to the ADQI\u2010RIFLE system and clinical practice patterns after cardiac surgery in Germany","volume":"72","author":"Heringlake M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181bfb0b5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92057-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2009.00914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68544-3","article-title":"Hyperoxia increases oxygen radical production in rat lungs and lung mitochondria","volume":"256","author":"Freeman BA","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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