{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T16:56:15Z","timestamp":1758905775387},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Normal rats fed a sucrose\u2010rich diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRD<\/jats:styled-content>) develop dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. The present study examined whether administration of the mitochondrial nutrients nicotinamide and acetyl\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine reversed or improved these metabolic abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Male Wistar rats were fed an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRD<\/jats:styled-content> for 90\u00a0days. Half the rats then received daily injections of nicotinamide (25\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) and acetyl\u2010 <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine (50\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) for a further 90\u00a0days. The remaining rats in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010fed group and those in a normal chow\u2010fed control group were injected with an equal volume of saline solution for the same period. The following parameters were determined in all groups: (i) liver activity of fatty acid synthase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>), acetyl\u2010CoA carboxylase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACC<\/jats:styled-content>) and carnitine\u2010palmitoyl transferase\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101); (ii) hepatic and skeletal muscle triacylglycerol content, plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFA<\/jats:styled-content>) and triacylglycerol levels and pancreatic insulin content; and (iii) glucose tolerance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Administration of nicotinamide and acetyl\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010fed rats reduced dyslipidaemia, liver steatosis, muscle triacylglycerol content and hepatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACC<\/jats:styled-content> activities and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 activity. In addition nicotinamide and acetyl\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine improved the glucose disappearance rate (<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>), normalized plasma glucose levels and moderately increased insulinaemia without altering pancreatic insulin content. Finally, nicotinamide and acetyl\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine administration reduced bodyweight gain and visceral adiposity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The results of the present study suggest that altering key hepatic lipogenic and fatty acid oxidative enzymatic activity could improve dyslipidaemia, liver steatosis and visceral adiposity. Indeed, administration of nicotinamide and acetyl\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine improved glucose intolerance and normalized plasma glucose levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,22]],"date-time":"2012-12-22T08:48:37Z","timestamp":1356166117000},"page":"205-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changes in hepatic lipogenic and oxidative enzymes and glucose homeostasis induced by an acetyl\u2010<scp>l<\/scp>\u2010carnitine and nicotinamide treatment in dyslipidaemic insulin\u2010resistant rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Maria R","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Biochemistry Litoral University Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria del C","family":"Camberos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Research Centre (CEDIE) Ricardo Gutierrez Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dante","family":"Selenscig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Biochemistry Litoral University Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda C","family":"Martucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Research Centre (CEDIE) Ricardo Gutierrez Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Chicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Biochemistry Litoral University Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolanda B","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Biochemistry Litoral University Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan C","family":"Cresto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Research Centre (CEDIE) Ricardo Gutierrez Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.9.1414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"The role of free fatty acids in muscle insulin resistance. 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