{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:40:09Z","timestamp":1792129209793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Respiratory neural networks can adapt to rapid environmental change or be altered over the long term by various inputs. The mechanisms that underlie the plasticity necessary for adaptive changes in breathing remain unclear. Acute intermittent hypoxia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010induced respiratory long\u2010term facilitation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTF<\/jats:styled-content>) is one of the most extensively studied types of respiratory plasticity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Acute intermittent hypoxia\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTF<\/jats:styled-content> is present in several respiratory motor outputs, innervating both pump muscles (i.e. diaphragm) and valve muscles (i.e. tongue, pharynx and larynx). Long\u2010term facilitation is present in various species, including humans, and the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTF<\/jats:styled-content> is influenced by gender, age and genetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Serotonin plays a key role in initiating and modulating plasticity at the level of respiratory motor neurons. Recently, multiple intracellular pathways have been elucidated that are capable of giving rise to respiratory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTF<\/jats:styled-content>. These mainly activate the metabolic receptors coupled to G<jats:sub>q<\/jats:sub> (\u2018Q\u2019 pathway) and G<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> (\u2018S\u2019 pathway) proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Herein, we discuss <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced respiratory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTF<\/jats:styled-content> in animals and humans, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the synaptic and intracellular pathways underlying this form of plasticity. We also discuss the potential to use intermittent hypoxia to induce functional recovery following cervical spinal injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T12:36:48Z","timestamp":1371645408000},"page":"602-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Acute intermittent hypoxia induced neural plasticity in respiratory motor control"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelina Y","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara G","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M","family":"Pilowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(96)00017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.6.2466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.190454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(80)90025-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R811","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.265.4.R811","article-title":"Time\u2010dependent phrenic nerve responses to carotid afferent activation: Intact vs. decerebellate rats","volume":"265","author":"Hayashi F","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.3.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.149047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)01181-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00405.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.5.2083","article-title":"Increased normoxic ventilation induced by repetitive hypoxia in conscious dogs","volume":"73","author":"Cao KY","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00197-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Ventilatory augmentation by acute intermittent hypoxia in the rabbit","volume":"57","author":"Sokolowska B","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.2.709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00919.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00374.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.2.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00135.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00541.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00573.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00476.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Long\u2010term facilitation of ventilation in humans during NREM sleep","volume":"21","author":"Babcock MA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.6.2751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00896.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01273.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.178053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00524.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08224-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01142.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.169680"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.064006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00938.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.4.889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01356.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.203794"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00996.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0509i.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.077511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.198200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.114850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.6.2831"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00476.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(02)00038-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90778.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.2001.4.3.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(80)90113-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0483f.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1986.sp016320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.3.R658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.5.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-14-06239.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.176982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.201657"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305712101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-04-01091.1990","article-title":"Serotonin immunoreactive boutons make synapses with feline phrenic motoneurons","volume":"10","author":"Pilowsky PM","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902950205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00019.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.165597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5539-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-06-01910.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.087650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01274.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5692-7_45"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2803-06.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","first-page":"A433","article-title":"Activation of protein kinase C near\/in phrenic motoneurons is required for phrenic long\u2010term facilitation in rats","volume":"169","author":"McGuire M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3570-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.180075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00060.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3873-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0239-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00960.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-06-02494.2003","article-title":"Respiratory motor recovery after unilateral spinal cord injury: Eliminating crossed phrenic activity decreases tidal volume and increases contralateral respiratory motor output","volume":"23","author":"Golder FJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0148-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02993.2003","article-title":"Synaptic pathways to phrenic motoneurons are enhanced by chronic intermittent hypoxia after cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Fuller DD","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2005.04209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2908-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311412055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1072OC"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1440-1681.12129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T04:55:46Z","timestamp":1696308946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1440-1681.12129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12129","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1870","1440-1681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1870","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]}}}