{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:34:29Z","timestamp":1788345269959,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The possible protective effects of naringenin, a naturally occurring citrus flavonone, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)\u2010induced liver injury in rats and the mechanism underlying its effects were investigated. Forty rats were divided into five groups. Rats in Groups I and II served as the normal and injured liver groups, respectively; Group III rats were treated with the standard drug silymarin as a positive control; and rats in Groups IV and V (naringenin\u2010treated groups) were administrated 50\u00a0mg\/kg, p.o., naringenin for 7\u00a0days. Liver samples were collected to evaluate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein expression, histological changes and oxidative stress. Naringenin inhibited lipid peroxidation and reduced serum levels of hepatic enzymes induced by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. In addition, naringenin increased the liver content of reduced glutathione and the activity of anti\u2010oxidant enzymes in rats treated with CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Naringenin attenuated liver inflammation by downregulating CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced activation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, inducible nitric oxide synthase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNOS<\/jats:styled-content>) and cyclo\u2010oxygenase (COX\u20102) at both the protein and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels. Naringenin treatment significantly increased NF\u2010E2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO\u20101) expression in injured livers. In rats treated with CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> alone, decreases were seen in nuclear Nrf2 expression and in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels of its target genes (e.g. <jats:italic>HO\u20101<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> NQO1<\/jats:italic> and glutathione S\u2010transferase alpha 3 (<jats:italic>GST\u2010a3<\/jats:italic>)). Together, the results suggest that naringenin can protect the liver against oxidative stress, presumably by activating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 as well as attenuating the TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> pathway to elicit an anti\u2010inflammatory response in liver tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,28]],"date-time":"2014-03-28T23:44:22Z","timestamp":1396050262000},"page":"416-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Naringenin attenuates <scp>CC<\/scp>l<sub>4<\/sub>\u2010induced hepatic inflammation by the activation of an Nrf2\u2010mediated pathway in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Alilou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)90011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90192-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"808","article-title":"Correlation between hepatic fat, lipid peroxidation and hepatic fibrosis in rats chronically fed with ethanol and\/or high fat diet","volume":"12","author":"Fan J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.05.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.09.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.04987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(80)90139-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Cellular response to cancer chemopreventive agents: Contribution of the antioxidant responsive element to the adaptive response to oxidative and chemical stress","volume":"64","author":"Hayes JD","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. 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